Neural Control Of Movement Review

Front 1

what does a voluntary muscle contraction result from?

Back 1

stimulation by the nervous system

Front 2

what are muscle fibers innervated by?

Back 2

a somatic motor neuron

Front 3

muscle stimulus can be processed on varying degrees and at different levels of the ____________

Back 3

central nervous system (CNS)

Front 4

describe the cerebral cortex and how it is involved with muscle movement

Back 4

-the highest level of control

-provides for the creation of voluntary movement as aggregate muscle action, but not as specific muscle activity

-interprets sensory stimuli from body to a degree in order to determine needed responses

Front 5

describe the basal ganglia and how it is involved with muscle movement

Back 5

-it is the 2nd highest level of control

-controls maintenance of postures and equilibrium

-controls learned movement

-controls sensory integration for balance and rhythmic activities

Front 6

describe the cerebellum and how it is involved with muscle movement

Back 6

-major integrator of sensory impulses

-provides feedback relative to motion

-controls timing and intensity of muscle activity

-assists in the refinement of movements

Front 7

describe the brain stem and how it is involved with muscle movement

Back 7

-integrates all CNS activity through excitation and inhibition of desired neuromuscular functions

-functions in arousal or maintaining a wakeful state

Front 8

describe the spinal cord and how it is involved with muscle movement

Back 8

-common pathway between the CNS and PNS

-has the most specific control

-integrates various simple and complex spinal reflexes

-integrates cortical and basal ganglia activity with various classifications of spinal reflexes

Front 9

the peripheral nervous system can be divided into what two divisions?

Back 9

-sensory

-motor

Front 10

Describe sensory neurons

Back 10

-also known as afferent

-bring impulses from receptors in the body to CNS

Front 11

Describe motor neurons

Back 11

-also known as efferent

-carry impulses to the body from the CNS

Front 12

describe voluntary nerves

Back 12

-also known as somatic nerves

-under conscious control

-carry impulses to skeletal muscles

Front 13

describe involuntary nerves

Back 13

-also known as visceral nerves

-the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

-carry impulses to the heart, smooth muscles, and glands

Front 14

dermatome

Back 14

a defined area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve

Front 15

myotome

Back 15

a muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve

Front 16

neurons

Back 16

the basic functional units of the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting impulses (also known as nerve cells)

Front 17

what do neurons consist of?

Back 17

-neuron cell body

-dendrites

-axon

Front 18

axon

Back 18

an elongated projection that transmits impulses away from neuron cell bodies

Front 19

sensory neurons

Back 19

transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body

Front 20

motor neurons

Back 20

transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and glandular tissue

Front 21

interneurons

Back 21

central or connecting neurons that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons