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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Millions of connected computing devices, such as hosts, and running network apps |
INTERNET |
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End system |
Hosts |
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Fiber, copper, radio, satellite |
Communication Links |
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Transmission Rate, or also called as... |
Bandwidth |
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They are forward packets(chunks of data) |
Packet Switches |
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Also called as "network of networks" |
Internet |
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It controls sending and receiving of messages |
Protocol |
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These are the Internet Standards |
RFC and IETF |
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RFC |
Request For Comments |
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IETF |
Internet Engineering Task Force |
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It's an infrastructure that provides services to application. |
Internet |
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It provides programming interface to apps |
Internet |
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All communication activity in Internet is governed by.... |
Protocol |
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Defines format, order of messages sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on message transmission, receipt |
Protocol |
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Consists of hosts: servers and clients. Servers often in data center. |
Network Edge |
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Wired, Wireless Communication links |
Physical Media or Access Networks |
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Interconnected routers. Network of networks. |
Network Core |
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How to connect end systems to edge routers? |
Residential access nets, Institutional Access Networks, Mobile Access Networks |
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Different channels transmitted in different frequency bands |
Frequency division multiplexing |
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It is typically used in companies, universities, etc. |
Ethernet |
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Mesh of Interconnected routers |
The network core |
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A network core function that determines source-destination route taken by packets. |
Routing |
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A network core function that moves packets from router's input to appropriate router output. |
Forwarding |
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End-end resources allocated to, reserved for "call between source and destination" |
Circuit switching |
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ISP |
Internet Service Providers |
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How do loss and delay occur? |
Packet arrival rate to link exceeds ouptu link capacity |
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Packet length / link bandwith |
Transmission Delay |
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Length of Physical Link / Propagation speed |
Propagation Delay |
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It provides delay measurement from source to router along end-end Internet path towards destination. |
Traceroute |
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PAcket arriving to full queue dropped |
Packet Loss |
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Rate(bits/time unit) at which bits transferred between sender/receiver |
Throughput |
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Rate at given point in time |
Instantaneous |
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Rate over longer period period of time |
Average |
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Each ________ implements a service via its own internal-layer actions relying on services provided by layer below |
Layer |
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5 components of Internet protocol stack |
Application, Transport, Network, Link, Physical |
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Internet Protocol Stack. Supporting Network Applications. |
Application |
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Internet Protocol Stack. Process-process data transfer |
Transport |
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Internet Protocol Stack. Routing of datagrams from source to destination. |
Network |
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Internet Protocol Stack. Data transfer between neighboring network elements. |
Link |
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Internet Protocol Stack. Bits "On The Wire" |
Physical |
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ISO/OSI reference model |
application, presentation, session, transport, network, link, physical |
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ISO/OSI reference model. It allows application ton interpret meaning of data. |
Presentation |
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ISO/OSI reference model. Synchronization, checkpointing, recovery of data exchange |
Session |
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Program running with a host |
Process |
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Process that initiates communication |
Client Process |
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Process that wait to be contacted |
Server Process |
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Peers request service from other peers, provide service in return to other peers |
P2P Architecture |
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New peers bring new service capacity, as well as service demands |
Self Scalability |
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Process sends/receives messages to/from its.... |
Socket |
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To receive messages, process must have.. |
Identifier |
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HTTP |
Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
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At most one object is sent over TCP connection |
Non-persistent HTTP |
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Multiple objects can be sent over single TCP connection between client and server |
Persistent HTTP |
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It satisfy client request without involving origin server. |
Web Caches |
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DNS |
Domain Name System |
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It provides logical communication between app processes running on different hosts. |
Transport services |
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Logical communication between hosts |
Network Layer |
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Logical communication between processes |
Transport Layer |
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Handles data from multiple sockets, add transport header |
Multiplexing |
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Use header info to deliver received segments to correctsocket |
Demultiplexing |
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ACKS |
Acknowledgements |
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NAKs |
Negative Acknowledgements |
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Sender allows multiple, "in flight", yet to be acknowledged packets |
Pipelining |
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Two generic forms of Pipelined Protocols |
go Back N, Selective Repeat |
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Sender can have up to N unacked packets in pipeline. Receiver only sends cumulative ack. Sender has timer for oldest unacked packet |
Go Back N |
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Sender can have up to N unack'ed packets in pipeline. Receiver sends individual ack for each packet. Sender maintains timer for each unacked packet. |
Selective Repeat |
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Receiver controls sender, so sender won't overflow receiver's buffer by transmitting too much, too fast |
Flow Control |
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Too many sources sending too much data too fast for NETWORK to handle |
Congestion |
