Network+ Exam: Chapter 1

Front 1

Computer network components (4)

Back 1

Device
Physical media
Network adapter
Networking operating system

Front 2

node

Back 2

- A workstation or client.
- any device that can connect to a network and generate, process or transmit data
- has addressing information
- can be endpoints or redistribution points

Front 3

endpoints

Back 3

nodes that function as a source or destination for data transfer

Front 4

redistribution points

Back 4

nodes that transfer data (network switch or router)

Front 5

network backbone

Back 5

very high speed transmission path that carries the majority of network data

* serial
* distributed/hierarchical
* collapsed
* parallel

Front 6

servers

Back 6

a network computer that shares resources with and responds to requests from computers, devices, and other servers on the network
- centralized access and storage for resources
- can be optimized and dedicated to one specific function, or it can serve general needs
- multiple types can coexist on the same network

Front 7

Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Back 7

- Microsoft’s server-oriented operating system
- active directory service (ADS)
- integrated network services
- Domain name system (DNS)
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- clustering, public key infrastructure, routing, and web services
- user and group security on the file and object levels
- built in firewall, file encryption, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

Front 8

serial backbone

Back 8

Consists of multiple switches connected by one backbone cable. Typically not scaled for enterprise-wide use.

Front 9

distributed/ hierarchal backbone

Back 9

Consists of multiple switches connected serially to hubs or routers. These networks can be easily expanded without a significant cost impact. Serves well as one-site enterprise-wide networks; their switch layers can be configured by geography (floor in a building) or function (workgroup). Enables an administrator to segregate workgroups, simplifying their management.

Front 10

collapsed backbone

Back 10

Uses a router or switch as the nexus for several subnetworks. The router or switch must have multiprocessors to bear the frequently high level of network traffic. Router or switch failures can bring down the entire network. Depending on the routers' processing capabilities, data transfer can be slow.

Front 11

parallel

Back 11

Suits enterprise-wide applications. Uses a central router or switch but augments the dependent switches with multiple cable connections. These multiple links ensure connectivity to the whole enterprise.

Front 12

client

Back 12

A network computer that utilizes the resources of other network computers.
- has its own processor, memory, storage etc.
- can be a workstation

Front 13

Peer Computer

Back 13

self-sufficient computer that acts as both a server and a client to other computers on a network

Front 14

Host Computer

Back 14

powerful, centralized computing system such as a mainframe computer, that performs data storage and processing tasks on behalf of clients and other network devices

Front 15

Terminal

Back 15

a specialized device on a host-based network that transmits data a user enters into a host for processing and displays the results. “Dumb” because they have no processor or memory

Front 16

Local Area Network (LAN)

Back 16

a self-contained network that spans a small area, such as a single building, floor, or room. All nodes and segments are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless technologies.

Front 17

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Back 17

a network that spans a large area, often across multiple geographic locations. Typically connect multiple LANs and other networks using long-range transmission media

Front 18

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Back 18

covers an area equivalent to a city or a municipality

Front 19

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Back 19

covers an area equivalent to an academic campus or business park. Typically owned or used exclusively by an entity.

Front 20

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Back 20

connects two to three computers with cables and is most often seen in small or home offices

Front 21

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

Back 21

a variation of PAN that connects wireless devices in close proximity but not through a WAP. Infrared and bluetooth technologies are used

Front 22

the Internet

Back 22

the single largest global WAN, linking virtually every country in the world

Front 23

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Back 23

coordinates the assignment of unique identifications on the Internet. Domain names, IP address and extension names.

Front 24

Internet Society (ISOC)

Back 24

coordinates and oversees the practices for the Internet

Front 25

Intranet

Back 25

private network that uses Internet protocols. Internal company use

Front 26

Extranet

Back 26

private network that grants controlled access to users outside the network. An extension of an Intranet

Front 27

Enterprise Network

Back 27

a network that includes both local and wide area networks. Owned and operated by a single organization to interlink computers and resources

Front 28

network model

Back 28

a design specification for how the nodes on a network are constructed to interact and communicate. determines the degree to which communications and processing are centralized or distributed.

Front 29

segment

Back 29

a physical subdivision of a network that links a number of devices, or serves as a connection between two nodes.
- bounded by physical internetworking devices such as switches or routers
- all nodes attached to it have common access to that portion of the network

Front 30

centralized networks

Back 30

computer network in which a central host computer controls all network communication
- performs data storage and processing on behalf of the clients
- users connect to the host via dedicated terminals or terminal emulators
- hierarchical and host based networks

Front 31

decentralized network

Back 31

- each peer can connect directly with other peers without being managed by a central server
- a server provides services to the nodes upon a request from them
- peer-to-peer network

Front 32

peer-to-peer network

Back 32

a network in which resource sharing, processing, and communications control are completely decentralized, all clients on the network are equal in terms of providing resources, and each individual workstation authenticates its users

Front 33

Mixed-mode network

Back 33

incorporates elements from more than one of the three standard network models
ex: a workgroup created to share local resources within a client/server network

Front 34

physical topology

Back 34

describes the network’s physical wiring layout or shape

Front 35

logical topology

Back 35

describes the path through which data moves

Front 36

point-to-point connection

Back 36

direct connection between two nodes on a network
- one node transmits data directly to the other
- example: connecting one host’s NIC directly to another host’s NIC with a CAT5 crossover cable

Front 37

multipoint connection

Back 37

- connections between multiple nodes
- has more than two endpoints
- not private
- most common way to connect a network
- bus and star networks

Front 38

radiated or broadcast connection

Back 38

a wireless point to point or multipoint connection between devices
- Wireless LAN, infrared, Wi-Fi networks

Front 39

physical bus topology

Back 39

nodes are arranged in a linear format and a T-connector connects each node directly to the network cable

Front 40

signal bounce

Back 40

when signals endlessly move from one end of the wire to the other

Front 41

physical star topology

Back 41

- uses a central connectivity device, (such as a switch), with individual physical connections to each node
- individual nodes send data to the connectivity device, and the device either forwards data to the appropriate destination node (switch), or passes it through to all attached nodes (hub)
- client/server networks
- host based computing system

Front 42

physical ring topology

Back 42

- each node is connected to the two nearest nodes - the upstream and downstream neighbors
- flow of data is unidirectional to avoid collisions
- no central counting device to control network traffic - each node handles the data packets that pass through it
- each node acts a repeater and boosts the signal when is retransmits the data packet
- unreliable - a single node can bring down the network

Front 43

physical mesh topology

Back 43

- each node is directly connected to every other node
- allows each node to communicate with multiple nodes at the same time
- all nodes have dedicated links with other nodes - no congestion and very fast
- extremely reliable
- the number of connections increases exponentially with the number of nodes

Front 44

partial mesh topology

Back 44

- variation of the mesh, in which only a few nodes have direct links with all the other nodes
- commonly used in subnetworks of other networks

Front 45

physical tree topology

Back 45

- a central, or root node is hierarchically connected to one or more second level nodes, which are one level lower in the hierarchy
- root node has a point-to-point link with each of the second level nodes
- each of the second level nodes is connected to one or more third-level nodes via a point-to-point link

Front 46

branching factor

Back 46

each node in the network has the same number of lower level nodes connected to it

Front 47

hybrid topology

Back 47

- more than one standard topology, each section follows the rules of its own topology

Front 48

logical bus topology

Back 48

nodes receive the data transmitted all at the same time, regardless of the physical wiring of the network

Front 49

logical ring topology

Back 49

each node receives data only from its upstream neighbor and retransmits data only to its downstream neighbor, regardless of the physical layout of the network

Front 50

logical star topology

Back 50

- although all nodes are wired onto the same bus cable, a central device polls each node to check to see if it needs to transmit data
- central device also controls how long a node has access to the cable
- a multiplexer (mux) manages individual signals and enables them to share the media.
- implementation of a logical star topology is less common than a logical ring or logical bus