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69 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Spinal cord PNS/CNS?
CNS
Ganglia PNS/CNS?
PNS
Integration PNS/CNS?
PNS
Nerves PNS/CNS?
PNS
Tracts PNS/CNS?
CNS
Brain PNS/CNS?
CNS
Activation of Receptors PNS/CNS?
PNS
Nuclei PNS/CNS?
CNS
Stimulation of effectors PNS/CNS?
PNS
Smooth muscle of small intestine, enteric, somatic, autonomic nervous system?
Enteric
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
autonomic
the biceps femoris. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
somatic
arrector pili muscles. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
autonomic
smooth muscle of stomach. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
enteric
the gastrocnemius. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
somatic
the heart. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
autonomic
diaphragm. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
somatic
the eccrine seat glands. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
autonomic
the glial cells that help to produce cerebrospinal fluid and circulate the fluid are the __________?
ependymal cells
The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the obturator nerve are the ___________?
Schwann cell
These glial cells are macrophages which destroy bacteria in the CNS. _______.
microglial
The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the tracts of the spinal cord are the _________.
oligodendrocyte
The glial cells that help form the blood-brain-barrier are the _________.
ependymal cell
The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the spinothalamic tract are the ___________.
oligodendrocyte
The blood brain barrier is in part formed by these glial cells.
astrocytes
The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the sciatic nerves are the _____________.
Schwann cells
hyperpolarization. Graded or Action potentials?
graded
located on dendrites. graded or action potentials?
graded
ligand-gated channels. graded or action potentials?
graded
change in amplitude. graded or action potentials?
graded
chemical gates. graded or action potentials?
graded
produce only local membrane changes. graded or action potentials?
graded
propagated. graded or action potentials?
action
located on axons. graded or action potentials?
action
voltage gated potentials. graded or action potentials?
action
decrease in strength. graded or action potentials?
action
repolarization. graded or action potentials?
action
In an excitatory postsynaptic potential the ____ gates open resulting in depolariztion and a more __positive/negative__ intracellular fluid. This brings the cell __closer to/farther away from__ threshold.
Na+
positive
closer to
In an inhibitory postsynaptic potential the __ gates and the ___ gates open resulting in hyperpolarization and a more __positive/negative__ intracellular fluid. This __stimulates/inhibits__ an action potential.
K+
Cl-
negative
inhibits
During an action potential the _Na+/K+_ gates open during depolarization and the _Na+/K+_ gates open during repolarization. In a myelinated neuron these gates are found only at the _______ of the axon. _Continuous/salutatory_ conduction is faster and more energy efficient.
Na+
K+
nodes of ranvier
salutatory
During depolarization the inside of the neuron becomes more _positive/negative_. The Na+ and K+ are returned to their normal locations across the membrane by the _________.
positive
sodium potassium pump
The plasma membrane is most permeable to ______ by way of ion leakage channels. The main extracellular cation is ____ while the main intracellular cation is ____.
K+
Na+
K+
List 3 factors that help produce the resting membrane in neurons.
1. K+ movement from ICF to ECF.
2. Anions(proteins & phosphates) in the ICF.
3. Na+ movement from ECF to ICF.
4. The Na+/K+ pump.
2 divisions of CNS
Afferent and Efferent division
_____ Nervous system --> Skeletal muscle
Somatic
______ nervous system--> cardiac muscle
autonomic
______ nervous system--> GI tract, glands
enteric
This substance blocks sodium voltage gates and results in paralysis of skeletal muscles, fixed and dilated pupils, and paresthesia.
fugu
This condition results in H+ movement out of excitable cells and K+ movement into cells resulting in a more positive intracellular fluid.
acidosis
This can result in "Saturday Night Palsy".
pressure
These substances are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
organophosphate pesticides
nerve gas
sarin
This substance blocks sodium voltage gates locally.
novacaine
lidocaine
This substance results in altered sodium and potassium voltage gates that brings about increased action potential transmission. Positive "tap test".
scorpion venom
This condition results in H+ moving into cells and K+ moving out of cells. The net effect is increase in negativity inside the neuron due to the buffering of H+ by the protein anions of the neuron.
acidosis
The somatic division of the motor portion of the PNS involves activation of __skeletal/cardiac__ muscle(s). The __efferent/afferent__ carries impulses to the CNS
skeletal muscles
afferent
The _efferent/afferent_ division is motor while the _efferent/afferent_ division is sensory.
efferent
afferent
The _presynaptic/postsynaptic_ neuron releases neurotransmitter. Two ways in which the action of the neurotransmitter is terminated is ________ and _________. Chemical gates which respond to a neurotransmitter are found on the _presynaptic/postsynaptic_ neuron.
presynaptic
diffusion
enzymatic degradation
postsynaptic
When Na+ ligand-gated channels are stimulated the result is an _excitatory/inhibitaory_ postsynaptic potential.
This results in a _depolarization/hyperpolarization_.
excitatory
depolarization
When K+ or Cl- ligand-gated channels are stimulated the result is _depolarization/hyperpolarization_ and the inside of the neuron becomes more _positive/negative_.
Usually this makes it _less/more_ likely that the neuron will reach threshold.
hyperpolarization
negative
less
Synapses that are found in between smooth muscle cells are _electrical/chemical_.
One-way flow is a characteristic of _electrical/chemical_ synapses.
electrical
chemical
If a graded potential results in _depolarization/hyperpolarization_ the intacellular fluid moves closer to -55mV (threshold).
This _increases/decreases_ the chances that an action potential will occur.
The plasma membrane is most permeable to _____ by way of leakage channels.
depolarization
increases
K+
What is the function for the axon?
conducts nerve impulses from neuron to dendrites or cell body.
What is the function for the synaptic end bulb?
store neurotransmitters.
What is the function for the Nissl bodies?
rough endoplasmic reticulum, synthesize proteins.
What is the function for association neuron?
analyze sensory information.
What is the function for efferent neuron?
respond to stimuli by initiating action.
What is the function for afferent neuron?
sense changes in internal and external environment.
What is the function for the dendrite?
carry info to cell body.
3 factors that stop synaptic transmission
1. enzymatic degradation
2. diffusion
3. uptake into cells