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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Spinal cord PNS/CNS?
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CNS
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Ganglia PNS/CNS?
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PNS
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Integration PNS/CNS?
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PNS
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Nerves PNS/CNS?
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PNS
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Tracts PNS/CNS?
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CNS
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Brain PNS/CNS?
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CNS
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Activation of Receptors PNS/CNS?
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PNS
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Nuclei PNS/CNS?
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CNS
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Stimulation of effectors PNS/CNS?
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PNS
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Smooth muscle of small intestine, enteric, somatic, autonomic nervous system?
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Enteric
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Sweat (sudoriferous) glands. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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autonomic
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the biceps femoris. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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somatic
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arrector pili muscles. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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autonomic
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smooth muscle of stomach. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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enteric
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the gastrocnemius. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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somatic
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the heart. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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autonomic
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diaphragm. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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somatic
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the eccrine seat glands. enteric? somatic? autonomic?
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autonomic
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the glial cells that help to produce cerebrospinal fluid and circulate the fluid are the __________?
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ependymal cells
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The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the obturator nerve are the ___________?
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Schwann cell
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These glial cells are macrophages which destroy bacteria in the CNS. _______.
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microglial
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The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the tracts of the spinal cord are the _________.
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oligodendrocyte
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The glial cells that help form the blood-brain-barrier are the _________.
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ependymal cell
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The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the spinothalamic tract are the ___________.
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oligodendrocyte
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The blood brain barrier is in part formed by these glial cells.
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astrocytes
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The glial cells that form the myelin sheath in the sciatic nerves are the _____________.
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Schwann cells
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hyperpolarization. Graded or Action potentials?
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graded
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located on dendrites. graded or action potentials?
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graded
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ligand-gated channels. graded or action potentials?
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graded
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change in amplitude. graded or action potentials?
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graded
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chemical gates. graded or action potentials?
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graded
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produce only local membrane changes. graded or action potentials?
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graded
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propagated. graded or action potentials?
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action
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located on axons. graded or action potentials?
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action
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voltage gated potentials. graded or action potentials?
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action
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decrease in strength. graded or action potentials?
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action
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repolarization. graded or action potentials?
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action
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In an excitatory postsynaptic potential the ____ gates open resulting in depolariztion and a more __positive/negative__ intracellular fluid. This brings the cell __closer to/farther away from__ threshold.
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Na+
positive closer to |
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In an inhibitory postsynaptic potential the __ gates and the ___ gates open resulting in hyperpolarization and a more __positive/negative__ intracellular fluid. This __stimulates/inhibits__ an action potential.
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K+
Cl- negative inhibits |
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During an action potential the _Na+/K+_ gates open during depolarization and the _Na+/K+_ gates open during repolarization. In a myelinated neuron these gates are found only at the _______ of the axon. _Continuous/salutatory_ conduction is faster and more energy efficient.
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Na+
K+ nodes of ranvier salutatory |
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During depolarization the inside of the neuron becomes more _positive/negative_. The Na+ and K+ are returned to their normal locations across the membrane by the _________.
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positive
sodium potassium pump |
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The plasma membrane is most permeable to ______ by way of ion leakage channels. The main extracellular cation is ____ while the main intracellular cation is ____.
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K+
Na+ K+ |
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List 3 factors that help produce the resting membrane in neurons.
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1. K+ movement from ICF to ECF.
2. Anions(proteins & phosphates) in the ICF. 3. Na+ movement from ECF to ICF. 4. The Na+/K+ pump. |
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2 divisions of CNS
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Afferent and Efferent division
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_____ Nervous system --> Skeletal muscle
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Somatic
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______ nervous system--> cardiac muscle
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autonomic
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______ nervous system--> GI tract, glands
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enteric
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This substance blocks sodium voltage gates and results in paralysis of skeletal muscles, fixed and dilated pupils, and paresthesia.
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fugu
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This condition results in H+ movement out of excitable cells and K+ movement into cells resulting in a more positive intracellular fluid.
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acidosis
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This can result in "Saturday Night Palsy".
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pressure
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These substances are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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organophosphate pesticides
nerve gas sarin |
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This substance blocks sodium voltage gates locally.
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novacaine
lidocaine |
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This substance results in altered sodium and potassium voltage gates that brings about increased action potential transmission. Positive "tap test".
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scorpion venom
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This condition results in H+ moving into cells and K+ moving out of cells. The net effect is increase in negativity inside the neuron due to the buffering of H+ by the protein anions of the neuron.
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acidosis
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The somatic division of the motor portion of the PNS involves activation of __skeletal/cardiac__ muscle(s). The __efferent/afferent__ carries impulses to the CNS
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skeletal muscles
afferent |
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The _efferent/afferent_ division is motor while the _efferent/afferent_ division is sensory.
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efferent
afferent |
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The _presynaptic/postsynaptic_ neuron releases neurotransmitter. Two ways in which the action of the neurotransmitter is terminated is ________ and _________. Chemical gates which respond to a neurotransmitter are found on the _presynaptic/postsynaptic_ neuron.
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presynaptic
diffusion enzymatic degradation postsynaptic |
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When Na+ ligand-gated channels are stimulated the result is an _excitatory/inhibitaory_ postsynaptic potential.
This results in a _depolarization/hyperpolarization_. |
excitatory
depolarization |
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When K+ or Cl- ligand-gated channels are stimulated the result is _depolarization/hyperpolarization_ and the inside of the neuron becomes more _positive/negative_.
Usually this makes it _less/more_ likely that the neuron will reach threshold. |
hyperpolarization
negative less |
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Synapses that are found in between smooth muscle cells are _electrical/chemical_.
One-way flow is a characteristic of _electrical/chemical_ synapses. |
electrical
chemical |
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If a graded potential results in _depolarization/hyperpolarization_ the intacellular fluid moves closer to -55mV (threshold).
This _increases/decreases_ the chances that an action potential will occur. The plasma membrane is most permeable to _____ by way of leakage channels. |
depolarization
increases K+ |
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What is the function for the axon?
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conducts nerve impulses from neuron to dendrites or cell body.
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What is the function for the synaptic end bulb?
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store neurotransmitters.
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What is the function for the Nissl bodies?
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rough endoplasmic reticulum, synthesize proteins.
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What is the function for association neuron?
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analyze sensory information.
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What is the function for efferent neuron?
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respond to stimuli by initiating action.
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What is the function for afferent neuron?
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sense changes in internal and external environment.
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What is the function for the dendrite?
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carry info to cell body.
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3 factors that stop synaptic transmission
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1. enzymatic degradation
2. diffusion 3. uptake into cells |