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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS and PNS consist of what?
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CNS-brain and spinal cord
PNS- ALL nervous tissue except brain and spinal cord |
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PNS divided into what?
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sensory and motor
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name 3 universal properties of neurons
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excitability(irritability)
-its response to stimuli conductivity -electrical signals secretion -chemical neurotransmitter |
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Dendrites
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vast number of branches from a few thick branches from the soma
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Axon
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nerve fiber
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Oligodendrites
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form myelin sheaths in the CNS
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ependymal cells
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lines internal cavity of the brain
secretes and circulates CSF |
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microglia
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small wandering microphages in search of cellular debris to phagocytize
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Astrocytes
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most abundant glial cell in CNS
form supportive frame in nervous tissue when neuron is damaged, astrocytes form hardened scar tissue and fill space formerly occupied by the neuron. |
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schwann cell
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envelope nerve fibers in PNS
produce myelin sheaths assist in regeneration of damaged fibers |
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myelin sheath
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an insulating layer around a nerve fiber
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speed of nerve fibers
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small unmyelinated fibers- 0.5-2.0 m/sec
small myelinated fibers- 3-15.0 m/sec large myelinared fibers- up to 120 m/sec |
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saltatory conduction
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the nerve signal seems to jump from node to node
*much faster than unmyelinated fibers |
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guillian Barre
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disease of the immune system attacking the PNS, depleating myelin sheaths.
incomplete reversal |
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multiple sclerosis
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associated with guillian barre, in the CNS attacks myelin the brain and spinal cord.
believed to be caused by immune cells |
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cerebrum
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seperated into 2 hemispheres by longitudinal fissure
composed of gyri, sulci and connected by the corpus callosum at the bottom of the longitudinal ligament |
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cerebellum
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occupies posterior cranial fossa
about 10% of brain volume contains over 50% of brain neurons |
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brainstem
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diencephalon
midbrain pons medulla oblongata |
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gray matter
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comprised mostly of somas and little myelin
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white matter
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composed mostly of bundles of axons with myelin sheaths
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meninges of the brain
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dura mater
arachnoid mater pia mater |
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dura mater
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"tough mother"
periostial- anchors brain to skull meningeal- anchors skull to brain |
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funtions of the CSF
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buoyancy
protection chemical stability |
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brain is only 2% of the adult body weight, and recieves ______ of the blood.
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15%
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circle of willis
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where all blood supply to the brain comes from
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2 main arteries to the brain
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internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery
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vertebral artery join superiorly to become what?
hint* stroke here is typically fatal |
basillar artery
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BBA
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Blood brain barrier
strictly regulates what substances can get from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid of the brain. |
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frontal lobe function
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voluntary motor functions
motivation, memory, mood, aggression, judgement |
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parietal lobe
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intergration of sensory information
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occipital lobe
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visual center of the brain
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temporal lobe
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areas of hearing, learning, memory
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sensory homunculus
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diagram of the primary somesthetic cortex which resembles an upsidedown sensory map of the contralateral side of the body
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broca area
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ability to speak and motor units of speech
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wernicke area
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ability to receive and recognize speech and transmits to Broca area.
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aphasia
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any language deficit from lesions in same hemisphere(usually left) containing the wernicke and Broca areas.
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