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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central nervous system (CNS) |
brain and spinal cord Sensory information goes in |
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia sends out motor controls |
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Sensory neurons |
Afferents Relay information from skin, eyes ears, tongue, & organs |
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Motor neurons |
Efferents affect skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle as well as glands (e.g. sweat & digestive) |
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Motor systems |
Somatic (skeletal/voluntary muscle) & autonomic motor (cardiac and smooth muscles and glands--involuntary) |
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Cells of nervous system |
neurons, interneurons, and glial cells |
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Parts of a neuron |
cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, axon hillock, and synaptic terminals |
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Structural classification of neurons |
Bipolar (specialized for taste vision hearing balance and smell) (cell body between dendrite and axon) Unipolar (sensory neurons in PNS for carrying info from skin) (cell body has a branch that connects to the length of the neuron) Multipolar (motor neurons of CNS and PNS & function as interneurons) (can vary in complexity) (like bipolar but with more outward dendrite branches) (o---<) |
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Afferent neuron |
sensory receptors for touch pressure pain vision hearing balance taste and smells cell bodies in posterior of root ganglion central process carries sensation to CNS |
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Efferent neurons |
motor cell bodies in CNS axons carry impulses to muscles and glands |
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Interneurons |
association neurons receive impulses from sensory neurons & decide what to do with the information facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons |
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Glial cells (neuroglia) |
in CNS and PNS smaller than neurons are capable of cell division protect, nourish, and provide supporting network for neurons outnumber neurons numerous types with various functions |
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4 types of glial cells in CNS |
astrocytes, ependymal, microglia, oligodendrocytes |
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Astrocytes |
blood-brain barrier regulates tissue fluid composition fills space from dead neurons provides structural network influences the function of neurons through a release of Ca look like gum |
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Ependymal cells |
line the ventricles of the brain form choriod plexus (for CSF production) Look like simple cuboidal cells |
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microglial cell |
small and wander through CNS to clean up through phagocytosis have more intricate branches than astrocytes |
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saltatory conductions |
why neuron axons are insulated myelin sheath insulates & node of Ranvier are gaps) signal skips over chunks making the overall process quicker both CNS and PNS are mylinated |
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Oligodendrocyte |
slender extensions that wrap around axons for myelin myelinate more than one axon (one cell forms myelinated segment(s) on numerous neurons) |
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two types of glial cells in PNS |
satellite and neurolemmocyte (schwann cell) |
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Satellite cells |
around cell bodies of posterior root ganglion regulate nutrients/wates (coat cell body) |
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Neurolemmocyte (Schwann cell) |
wrap around axons in PNS to provide myelin to a segment of the axon different from oligodendrocytes--commit to a single axon and fully commit to it |
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endoneurium |
C.T. around a single axon |
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Perineurium |
C.T. around a fascicle |
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Epineurium |
C.T. around fascicleS |
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Nerve regeneration |
depends on amount of damage (easier for nerves to regenerate if near cell body, secretion of nerve growth fact by neurolemmocytes, and distance between damaged axons and effector |
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Repairing an axon (regeneration in PNS) |
proximal portion (new end) of axon seals off and wells, neurolemmocytes form regeneration tube, schwann cells retract regroup,& regenerate the formed tube (nerve growth factor released), axon regenerates and remyelination occurs, reinnervation of effector |
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Regeneration in CNS |
neurons go into shock and shut down at times, oligodendrocytes do not release growth factor (no signaling of damaged axon, number of axons and astrocytes that have taken over the dead space |
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synapse |
where impulse is relayed to another neuron of effector generally axon terminal |
