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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three stages of information processing?
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sensory input, integration, motor output
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how many neurons are there in the brain?
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10^11 (100 Billion)
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sensory neurons
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transmit information detected by sensors to the CNS
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interneurons
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integrate info received by sensory neurons and send output through motor neurons to effector cells
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reflex
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an automatic response to stimuli, the simplest type of nerve circuit
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what are the 3 main parts of a neuron
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cell body, dentrites, axons
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cell body
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contains the nucleus and organelles
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dentrites
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receive signals from other neurons
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axons
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transmit signals to other cells
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myelin sheath
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an insulating layer that wraps axons
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synaptic terminals
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the end of terminal axons
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neurotransmitters
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they relay signals across the synapse to a postsynaptic cell
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what is the general name for the two neurons, one of which transmits an impulse to the other
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presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell
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glia
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supporting cells that give structural integrity and physiological support to the nervous system
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astrocytes
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supporting glia in the CNS; facilitate info transfer at syanpses
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what is the important of astrocytes during development?
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the induce the formation of the blood brain barrier, which restricts the passage of most substances into the brain
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radial glia
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guide embryonic growth of neurons
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what do radial glia and astrocytes have in common
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they can act as stem cells
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what is the similarity between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
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they insulate axons in a myelin sheath by wrapping around them and forming concentric membrane layers
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what's the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
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oligodendrocytes = found in CNS
Schwann cells = found in PNS |
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nodes of Ranvier
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gaps between adjacent Schwann cells
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what is the resting potential
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-70 mV
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what's the principle cation outside the cell? inside?
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outside = Na+
inside = K+ |
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which side of the membrane has a negative charge
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inside
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gated ion channels
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they open or close in response to stimuli
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what are the 3 different types of gated ion channels? breifly describe them
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1. stretch gated (response to mechanical stimuli)
2. ligand gated (respond to chemical messengers) 3. voltage gated (respond to change in membrane potential) |
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the vertabrate nervous system may be separated into...
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the Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous system
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the vertebrate nervous system has 2 specialized cells called....
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supporting cells (glia) and neurons
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two supporting cell types are....
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oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
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the depolarization of neurons creates....
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an action potential
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an action potential is propogated along an axon to....
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a synapse
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what are the 2 divisions of the PNS?
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somatic and autonomic
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what are the 2 divisons of the CNS?
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spinal cord, brain
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the autonomic system is further subdivided into....
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sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
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