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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Describe type A fibers. Where are they found?

Fastest, largest diameter, myelinated, conduct the most important/life saving information




Afferent fibers and efferent fibers of the somatic nervous system.

Describe type B fibers. Where are they found?

Slower, smaller than type A, myelinated, conduct information that is not time-sensitive. Usually found in the autonomic nervous system: preganglionic efferent fiber

Describe type C fibers. Where are they found?

Slowest, smallest, unmyelinated, conduct information that is not time sensitive. Usually found in the autonomic nervous system: postganglionic efferent fiber.

List and describe the STRUCTURAL types of synapses.

1.) Axosomatic - impulse delivered to the cell body


2.) Axoaxonic - impulse delivered to an axon


3.) Axodendritic - impulse delivered to a dendrite

What is the physiological significance of axoaxonic synapses?

Their arrangement can facilitate presynaptic inhibition or enhancement

What is the first event of a chemical synapse?

AP propagation in presynaptic neuron.

What is a chemical synapse?

Synapse in which the message is delivered to the target cell by a neurotransmitter.

Explain the sequence of events that occur in a chemical synapse.

1.) AP propagation in the presynaptic neuron


2.) Propagation of the AP changes the voltage of the terminal end.


3.) Voltage-gated calcium channels change conformation in response to voltage change.


4.) Calcium binds to vessicles within the terminal end of the neuron.


5.) Exocytosis results in the release of the nt into the synaptic cleft.

Describe the sequence of events after acetylcholine is released into the synapse

1.) It binds to a cholinergic (nicotinic) receptor (ligand-gated channel) on the post-synaptic membrane and generates an AP.


2.) Acetylchoinestorase breaks it down in the synaptic cleft into acetic acid and choline.


3.) Choline is transported back into the terminus via a pump.


4.) Acetylcholine is reconstructed and stored in vessicles.

Describe the sequence of events after norepinephrine is released into the synapse

1.) Norepinephrine binds with an adrenergic receptor (ligand-gated channel) on the post-synaptic neuron and generates an AP.


2.) It's pulled back into the terminal end of the presynaptic neuron via a pump OR diffuses away from the synaptic space and enters general circulation.


3.) Once in the terminus, it's broken down and its inactive form is stored in vessicles. If it enters circulation, it is eventually broken down by COMT (catechol-O-methytransferase) which is found in the liver and kidneys.

What two enzymes break down norephinephrine? In what order do they work? Where are these enzymes found?

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) - present in the nerve terminal that released it.


Catechol-O-methyltransferase - found in the liver and kideys




These can work alone or together (in any order)

Describe the structure of an electrical synapse.

Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic cells are connected by connexons which allow the passage of ions, and therefore AP.

What purpose does the structure of electrical synapses serve the tissue they're a part of? What are some examples of where this type of interaction may take place?

It promotes rapid conduction of AP allowing these cells to be activated simultaneously ensuring contraction occurs in a coordinated manner. EX: Cardiac muscle, some smooth muscle (bladder, uterus, etc.).