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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the cns consist of
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brain and spinal cord
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what does the pns consist of
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cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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what 2 subdivision are in the pns
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somatic and autonomic
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what does the somatic system innervate
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skin and skeletal muscles
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what does the autonomic system innervate
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glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac
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where are the brain and spinal cords continuos with each other
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foramen magnum
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what does the pns consist of
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nerves and ganglia
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what are the other 2 subcatogories of the pns
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afferent and efferent divisions
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what are the afferent also called
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sensory
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what are the efferent also called
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motor
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what do the afferent or sensory divisions do
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transmit action potentials from the sensory organs to the cns
think sensory feels it and tells the brain |
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what do the effector or motor divisions do
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transmits action potentials from the cns to effector organs
think motors effect they carry out the action |
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describe organization of the nervous system
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the afferent division of the pns detects the stimuli and conveys action potential to the cns. the cns interperates it and initiates action potentials that are transmitted through the efferent division and produce a respones
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2 types that the efferent division is divided into
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somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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what does the somatic nervous system output its action potentail to
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skeletal muscle
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where are the neuron cell bodies located in (somatic)
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in the cns
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where are the axons located in the somatic
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EXTEND THROUGH NERVES TO THE NMJ
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WHERE DOES THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TRAVEL ITS ACTION POTENTIAL TO
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SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE, AND CERTAIN GLANDS
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what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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what is the sympathetic nervous system
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fight or flight
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parasympathetic
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rest and digest
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what are non neural cells
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neuroglia or glial cells
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what do glial cells do
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support and protect the neuron
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what do neurons do
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receive stimuli and conduct action potentials
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astrocytes where are they
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cover the surface of neurons and blood vessels
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what do astrocytes do
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provide structural support and help form the blood brain barrier
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what do astrocytes regulate
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what substances from the blood reach the neuron
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where are ciliated ependymal cells
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line the ventricles of the brain
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what do ependymal cells do
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help move and secrete cerebrospinal fluid
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where are microglia found
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in the cns
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what do microglia do
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phagocytize dead nervous tissue microorganisms and foreign matter
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what are oligodendrocytes
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glial cells of the cns
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what do oligodendrocytes do
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extensions form the myelin sheaths of axons within cns
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schwann cells are where
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pns
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what do schwann cells form
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a myelin sheath
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what is the schwann cell myelin sheath called
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neurilemma
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what are the 4 cells from the cns (neuroglial cells)
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astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial, oligodendrocytes
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what are the 2 neuroglial cells from the pns
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satellite cells and schwann
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what are the 3 types of neurons
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bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar
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how are the spinal cords divided
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cervical thoracic lumbar, and sacral
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how are the spinal cords and spine emerged
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they are named fpr the level of the column from which they emerge from, not where they are contained
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3 fibrous connective tissues that engulf the spinal cord
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meninges: dura, arachnoid, and pia
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dura matter is
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the first layer (hard mother)
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arachnoid matter consist of
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simple squamous epethilium
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where is arachnoid matter located
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inside of the dura, middle layer
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what does the subarachnoid space contain
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csf
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pia mater
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is the deepest membrane
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gray matter is gray because
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there are hardly any myelin sheaths
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what is in gray matter
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somas dendrites and proximal parts of the axons of neurons
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what makes white matter white
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myelin sheaths
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what is in white matter
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bundles of axons
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what does the core consist of
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gray matter divided into ventral and dorsal horns
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what are the right and left sides of the core connected by
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gray commissure
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what is in the middle of the comissure
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cns lined with ependymal cells
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where is the spinal nerve branched to
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the dorsal root
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what is the neurilemma
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nerve fiber coating
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what is the endoneurium
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what covers the neurilemma
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what are nerve fiber bundles called
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fascicles
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what surrounds the fascicles
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perineurium
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what is the perineurium made up of
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squamous epethilial
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several fascicles bounde together are wrapped in what
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epineurium
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what is the epineurium composed of
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dense irregular connective tissue
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what is the metabolic rate of nerves
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high and they need a lot of blood which is furnished by penetrating the connective tissue coverings
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what types of fibers are in sensory nerves
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afferent
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motor nerves carry what type of fibers
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efferent
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most nerves are what type
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mixed
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what is a ganglion
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a cluster of neurosomas outside the cns
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how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
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31
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break down of the 31 pairs
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cervical 8: thoracic 12: lumbar 5: sacral 5: coccygeal 1
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