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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paralysis of the thoracic limb is associated with lesions where?
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C6 to T2 nerve roots; brachial plexus; musculocutaneous, radia, median or ulnar nerve.
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Paralysis of the pelvic limb is usually associated with a lesion where?
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L4-S2 nerve roots; lumbosacral plexus; or femoral, scaitic, peroneal (fibular), or tibial nerve.
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What happens if the suprascapular nerve is damaged?
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Atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, but little gait deficit is noted.
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what happens in damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?
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Animal is unable to flex the elbow, and the biceps muscle is atrophied.
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What happens in radial nerve disease?
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Elbow is dropped, the digits are knuckled onto their dorsal surface, and the limb is unable to bear weight. Thoracic limb flexor reflex is depressed or abscent with lesions of the radial nerve (sensory portion). Triceps may atrophy, as well as carpal extensors.
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How do you test superficial pain in the arm?
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Pinch anterior surface of the limb for radial nerve, and caudally tests median and ulnar nerves.
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How do you test deep pain in the ulnar nerve?
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5th digit. (digits 1-4 test the radial, median and ulnar nerves.
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Horner's syndrome is associated with what nerve roots?
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T1-T2
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Inability to extend the stifle to support weight in the pelvic limb is seen in what nerve roots?
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L4 L5 or femoral nerve disease. patellar reflex is reduced or absent, quads are atrophied and sensation to skin is reduced or absent on the medial surface of the limb.
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Inability to actively flex the stifle, hock and digits, or extend the hock and digits is seen with lesions to what nerve?
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Sciatic
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What posture is seen if only the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve is damaged?
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Hock is overextended and digits knuckled.
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What posture is seen if only the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve is damaged?
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Hock is overflexed and digits overextended.
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Where is what nerve damaged if there is atrophy of the gluteal muscles, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and all muscles below the stifle?
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Lesion between L6 and S2 nerve roots as they leave the spinal cord.
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Where is the lesion if the gluteal muscles are normal, but there is muscle atrophy to the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and all muscles below the stifle?
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The sciatic nerve is likely damaged at the sciatic notch or the proximal 2/3 of the femur.
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Where is the lesion if the cranial tibial muscle alone is atrophied?
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Peroneal nerve.
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Where is the lesion if only the gastrocnemius muscle is atrophied?
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Tibial nerve.
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What is neurapraxia?
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Temporary nerve conduction dysfunction that can last several weeks, but recovery is complete.
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What is axonotmesis?
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Rupture of some axons within a nerve, but with an intact nerve sheath.
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Most closed nerve injuries from stretch or compression are a combination of what?
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Axonotmesis and neurpraxia.
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Nerve sheath tumors are common to what species?
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Dogs.
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Lymphosarcoma of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus is seen in what species?
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Dogs, cattle and cats.
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Long term prognosis for nerve sheath tumors is?
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Poor, even with amputation. Nerve sheath tumors usually affect multiple roots, and the tumor is difficult to completely remove.
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Horses with monoparesis and focal muscle atrophy should be evaluated for what?
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EPM. analysis of CSF and serum EPM titers should be run.
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