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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of sleep is considered paradoxical sleep?
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REM sleep.
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What type of sleep is considered normal sleep?
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NREM sleep. (Stages 1, 2, 3 +4)
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How many neurons does a somatic pathway have?
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Single neuron pathway.
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Where can you find somatic nerves?
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Cranial and spinal nerves.
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What type of nervous system connects the CNS to skin and skeletal muscle?
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Somatic nervous system.
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What type of nervous system has afferent and efferent fibers?
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Somatic nervous system.
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What type of nervous system has a 2 neuron pathway?
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Autonomic nervous system.
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In an autonomic neuron pathway, what is the first fiber called?
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Preganglionic fiber.
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In an autonomic neuron pathway, what is the second fiber called?
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Post ganglionic fiber.
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What does the autonomic nervous system connect the CNS to?
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Smooth muscles and glands.
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What type of nervous system activates AND inhibits, if necessary?
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Autonomic nervous system.
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What type of nervous system has all efferent fibers?
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Autonomic nervous system.
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The entire nerve is covered by a covering called __________.
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Epineurium.
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Nerve fasicles are covered by a covering called the ___________.
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Perineurium.
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Axons are covered by a covering called the ___________.
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Endoneurium.
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What type of nerves are all spinal nerves?
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Mixed nerves.
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Sensory nerves are ________ fibers and they go ___ the CNS.
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Afferent, to
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Motor nerves are ________ fibers and they go ___ the CNS.
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Efferent from.
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Mixed nerves are both ________ and ________.
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Afferent and Efferent.
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What is the cauda equina?
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Nerves in the sacral area and lower lumbar.
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What is a plexus?
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A group of nerves that supplies one area.
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What does the cervical plexus supply?
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The neck.
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What does the brachial plexus supply?
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The arm (pectoral)
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What does the lumbosacral supply?
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Lower back.
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic perform ________ functions.
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Opposite.
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Sympathetic nerves originate from the ______ ____.
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Spinal cord.
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Parasympathetic nerves originate from the _______ and ______.
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Cranium, sacrum
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Parasympathetic generally _____ things down and sympathetic gnerally _____ thigns up. The only exception is the _________ organs.
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Slows, Speeds, Digestive
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Cholingeric fibers secrete _____________.
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ACh (Acetycholine).
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Adrenergic fibers release _____________.
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Noepinephrine.
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What do neurotransmitters do to the postsynaptic membrane?
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Change its permeability to certain ions.
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Noepinephrine is removed from the synpase by active transport and taken where?
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Back into the synaptic knobs.
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What type of waves dominate stage 4 sleep?
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Delta waves./
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In what stage of sleep do your vitals reach their lowest normal levels?
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Stage 4.
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What gland controls your sleep cycles?
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Hypothalamus.
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In what order does the stages of sleep go?
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1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
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How many cycles of sleep should you get per night?
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3-5
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How long do sleep stages last?
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ABout 20 minutes.
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NREM and REM sleep always _________.
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Alternate.
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A lack of what causes death faster than lack of food?
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Sleep.
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The only adrenergic fiber is the _______ fiber in an autonomic, sympathetic nerve pathway.
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Second (or postganglionic)
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ACh is decomposed by _____.
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An enzyme, acetylebolinesterase.
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Is the postganglionic fiber in a parasympathetic autonomic nerve pathway adrenergic?
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No, only the postganglionic fiber of a SYMPATHETIC autonomic nerve fiber is adrenergic.
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