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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homeostasis
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A condition of equilibrum in the body's internal environment produced by the ceaseless interplay of all the body's regulatory processes.
- Maintains the internal environment within physiological limits. - Examples; Blood glucose level -Thermoregulation -Osmoregulation |
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Control of Homeostasis
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Homeostasis is regulated by the nervous system and endocrine system, acting together or independently.
- The nervous system; detects changes and sends nerve impulses to counteract the disruption -The endocrine system; regulates homeostasis by secreting hormones -Hormones work slowly -Nerve impulses cause rapid changes |
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Homeostasis
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-Maintains the internal environment within physiological limits.
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Homeostasis and Aging
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Aging is characterised by a progressive decline in the body's responses to restore homeostasis.
-These changes are apparent in all the body systems. -crinkled skin, loss of bone mass, slower responses to changes in blood pressure. |
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Homeostasis and the Nervous system
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-Nerve impulses pass along neurons to organs
-Rapid (milliseconds) precise response |
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Homeostasis and the endocrine system
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Endocrine glands send hormones via blood to organs
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Homeostasis and the endocrine system
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Hormonal response
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Sensory functions (PNS)
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-Receptors sense changes in inter/external environment
-Sensory (afferent) neurons conduct sensory impulses |
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Sensory neurons
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Afferent
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Intergrative function (CNS)
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-Analyze and store sensory information
-Make decisions regarding appropriate responses -Interneurons serve this function |
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Motor function (PNS)
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- Respond to stimuli by initiating action
-Motor (efferent) neurons conduct motor impulses to effectors (muscles and glands) |
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Motor neurons
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Efferent
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Central Nervous system contains
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Brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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- Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
-Spinal nerves (31 pairs) |
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Crainal nerves
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-12 pairs
-attached to the base of the brain |
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Spinal nerves
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- 31 pairs
- Attached to the spinal cord |
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Main functional divisions of the PNS
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-Somatic
-Automatic -Enteric |
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Somatic N.S
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Voluntary, conscious
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Autonomic n.s
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Involuntary, subconscious
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Enteric n.s
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Involuntary, subconscious
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Parasympathetic
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Rest and digest
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Sympathetic
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Fight or Flight
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Autonomic Nervous system
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Parasympathetic n.s
Sympathetic n.s |
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Sympathetic n.s
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Prepares the body for emergencies or energy expenditure
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Somatic n.s - SNS
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Structure; nerve fibres form part of both cranial and spinal nerves
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Somatic n.s - SNS
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Function; carries sensory input about body sensations and special senses to the CNS
- Carries motor output away form the CNS- allows conscious control of skeletal muscles (voluntary) |
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Autonomic n.s - ANS
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Structure; Nerve fibres part of both cranial and spinal nerves
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Autonomic n.s - ANS
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Function; Subconscious control of organs and glands
-Carries sensory input from visceral (internal organs) receptors to the CNS -Carries motor output to smooth muscle, heart muscle and/or glands (involuntary) |
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Enteric Nerve Plexus
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Gastrointestinal (GI) tract has its own sensory/ coordinating/ motor neurons
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Enteric Nerve Plexus, functions
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Functions; To control GI muscle contraction and gland secretion
-involuntary sensory & motor neurons -many neurons function independently of ANS & CNS |
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Nervous system function- general model.
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1, Sensory receptor
2, Sensory Neuron 3, Integrating center 4, Motor neuron 5, Effector |
