Nervous System Essay Review Exam 3

Front 1

Equation for CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSURE (CPP)

Back 1

CPP = MAP -- ICP

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = Mean Arterial Pressure ( - ) minus Intercranial Pressure

Front 2

Cerebral Blood Flow requires what?

Back 2

Oxygen and Glucose

Front 3

Abnormal increases in ICP are associated with:

Back 3

1. Altered production of CSF, circulation or absorption of CSF

2. Brain tumor, Injury, Edema, CVA

3. Icrease in cerebral blood

Front 4

When there is an increase in ICP:

Back 4

Perfusion of the brain is decreased or cut off.

No perfusion - no oxygen or glucose

Front 5

Cause # 1 for increased ICP:

Tumor - Glioblastoma

Back 5

Cause: Tumor

Mechanism: As the tumor grows it pushes on the brain --- decreases space for brain --- and increases ICP

Front 6

Cause # 2 for increased ICP:

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Back 6

Cause: Hemorrhagic Stroke (b/c of aneurysm)

Mechanism: A hemorrhagic stroke causes bleeding out in the brain -- the blood fills up intercranial space and there is less space available for the brain -- Increases pressure -- Increased ICP

Front 7

Cause # 3 for increased ICP:

Hydrocephalus

Back 7

Cause: Hydrocephalus

Mechanism: Overproduction of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) -- causes a decrease in space for the brain -- increases pressure in the cranium -- Increased ICP

Front 8

Type of CVA # 1:

Thrombotic Stroke

Back 8

CVA type: Thrombotic Stroke

Mechanism: Atherosclerosis in cerebral artery -- collagen is exposed due to an injury to plaque -- primary and secondary hemostasis occurs -- clot forms which causes a blockage in the cerebral artery -- blockage causes a thrombotic stroke

Front 9

Type of CVA # 2:

Embolitic Stroke

Back 9

Embolitic Stroke CVA

Mechanism:

Atrial fibrillation in the heart -- stasis of blood in the atria -- thrombus is formed -- emboli breaks off and travels to the brain -- blocks cerebral artery -- decreases perfusion -- embolitic stroke

Front 10

Type of CVA # 3:

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Back 10

Hemorrhagic Stroke CVA

Mechanism: Aneurysm weakens a blood vessel in the brain -- HTN ruptures the aneurysm -- blood drains into cranial space -- there is decreased perfusion to the brain -- hemorrhagic stroke

Front 11

Thrombotic or Embolytic stroke alternative mechanism:

Back 11

Atherosclerosis -- stable plaque becomes unstable -- thrombus is formed (an embolus can break off) -- both a thrombus and an emboli will create a blockage -- decrease perfusion to the brain -- thrombotic or embolitic stroke

Front 12

What causes a decrease in LOC?

Back 12

Decreased perfusion to the brain will cause a decrease in LOC.

Front 13

Clinical Manifestation of CVA # 1:

Decreased Motor Skills

Back 13

Decreased Motor Skills:

Mechanism: Thrombosis (caused by atherosclerosis) within cerebral artery causes a blockage -- over time perfusion to the brain decreases -- as perfusion decreases ability to function also decreases -- one decrease in function is motor skills

Front 14

Clinical Manifestation of CVA # 2:

Speech is affected

Back 14

Speech is affected by a CVA because of decreased perfusion to the brain -- when the area of the brain that controls speech is not getting the perfusion it needs then it will have impact the ability of someone to speak

Front 15

Clinical Manifestation of CVA # 3:

Thought processes affected

Back 15

Decreased perfusion to the area of the brain that controls thought and higher thinking will affect a persons ability to think clearly.

Front 16

Cerebral Cardial Accident:

Back 16

Hemorrhage

Front 17

Brain Shift

Back 17

Usually occurs on the brain stem

Increases pressure on the brain stem

Front 18

Reason why CVA is always an EMERGENCY:

Back 18

CVA is always an emergency becauses it causes irreversible damage to the brain. The sooner a CVA is treated, the better because ischemic brain cells can be saved and the amount of brain damage done can be reduced.

Front 19

Causes for decreased LOC:

Back 19

CVA

Subdural Hematoma

Trauma

Front 20

Clinical Manifestations of decreased LOC:

Back 20

Inability to obey commands

Impaired speech

Thought processes impaired