Nervous System Drugs

Front 1

cholinergic agents

Back 1

drugs that stimulate receptor sites mediated by acetylcholine

Front 2

direct acting cholinergic agents

Back 2

mimick the action of acetylcholine

Front 3

indirect acting cholinergic agents

Back 3

inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine

Front 4

acetylcholine

Back 4

direct acting cholinergic
seldom used because it is so rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase

Front 5

carbamylcholine

Back 5

direct acting cholinergic
treats atony of the GI tract and stimulates uterine contractions in swine

Front 6

bethanechol

Back 6

direct acting cholinergic
treats GI and UT atony

Front 7

pilocarpine

Back 7

direct acting cholinergic
reduces IOP associated with glaucoma

Front 8

metoclopramide

Back 8

direct acting cholinergic
used to control vomiting and promote gastric tract emptying

Front 9

edrophonium

Back 9

indirect acting cholinergic
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

Front 10

neostigmine

Back 10

indirect acting cholinergic
used to treat urine retention and GI atony and as an antidote to neuromuscular blocking agents

Front 11

physostigmine

Back 11

indirect acting cholinergic
used to treat urine retention and GI atony

Front 12

organophosphate compounds

Back 12

indirect acting cholinergic
used as insecticide dips

Front 13

demecarium

Back 13

indirect acting cholinergic
preventative management of glaucoma

Front 14

pyridostigmine

Back 14

indirect acting cholinergic
used for treatment of myasthenia gravis

Front 15

cholinergic blocking agents

Back 15

drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 16

atropine

Back 16

cholinergic blocking agent
preanesthetic used to dry secretions and prevent bradycardia
antidote for organophosphate poisoning
dilates pupils
controls ciliary spasms
treats sinus bradycardia
slows hypermotile gut

Front 17

scopolamine

Back 17

cholinergic blocking agent
used as an antidiarrheal

Front 18

methscopolamine

Back 18

cholinergic blocking agent
used to control diarrhea

Front 19

glycopyrrolate

Back 19

cholinergic blocking agent
provides longer action than atropine and is used primarily as an anesthetic

Front 20

aminopentamide

Back 20

cholinergic blocking agent
controls vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats

Front 21

propantheline

Back 21

cholinergic blocking agent
used to treat diarrhea, urinary incontinence, bradycardia, and reduce colonic peristalsis in horses

Front 22

pralidoxime

Back 22

cholinergic blocking agent
cholinesterase reactivator used to treat organophosphate intoxication

Front 23

adrenergic agents

Back 23

bring about action at receptors mediated by epinephrine or norepinephrine

Front 24

epinephrine

Back 24

adrenergic agent
stimulates all receptors to cause an increase in heart rate and cardiac output, contstriction of blood vessels in the skin, dilation of blood vessels in muscle, dilation of bronchioles, and increase in metabolic rate

Front 25

norepinephrine

Back 25

adrenergic agent
alpha stimulator with some beta stimulation
vasopressor to raise blood pressure

Front 26

isoprotenerol

Back 26

adrenergic agent
beta stimulator used for bronchodilation

Front 27

phenylephrine

Back 27

adrenergic agent
alpha stimulator used as a nasal constrictor

Front 28

dopamine

Back 28

adrenergic agent
precursor of epinephrine and norepinephrine
used to treat shock and congestive heart failure and increase renal perfusion

Front 29

phenylpropanolamine

Back 29

adrenergic agent
used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs

Front 30

dobutamine

Back 30

adrenergic agent
beta-1 agonist used for short term treatment of heart failure

Front 31

ephedrine, terbutaline, albuterol

Back 31

adrenergic agents
beta agonists used for bronchodilation

Front 32

xylazine

Back 32

adrenergic agent
alpha-2 agonist with analgesic and sedative properties

Front 33

adrenergic blocking agents

Back 33

disrupt activity of sympathetic nervous system

Front 34

phenoxybenzamine

Back 34

adrenergic blocking agent (alpha)
hypotensive agent, vasodilator

Front 35

tranquilizers (acepromazine and droperidol)

Back 35

adrenergic blocking agent
(alpha)
cause vasodilation

Front 36

prazosin

Back 36

adrenergic blocking agent
(alpha)
hypotensive agent

Front 37

yohimbine

Back 37

adrenergic blocking agent
(alpha)
antidote for xylazine toxicity

Front 38

atipamezole

Back 38

adrenergic blocking agent
(alpha)
reversal agent for medetomidine

Front 39

propranolol

Back 39

adrenergic blocking agent
(beta)
used to treat cardiac arrythmias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 40

timolol

Back 40

adrenergic blocking agent
(beta)
ophthalmic used to treat glaucoma

Front 41

atenolol

Back 41

adrenergic blocking agent (beta)
used to treat cardiac arrythmias and HCM

Front 42

phenothiazine derivatives (tranquilizer)

Back 42

CNS drug
sedation and antianxiety
producce antiemetic effect by depressing chemoreceptor trigger zone
mild antipruritic

Front 43

acepromazine maleate

Back 43

phenothiazine derivative

Front 44

chlorpromazine hydrochloride

Back 44

phenothiazine derivative

Front 45

promazine hcl

Back 45

phenothiazine derivative

Front 46

prochlorperazine/isopropamide

Back 46

phenothiazine drerivative

Front 47

benzodiazepine derivatives

Back 47

mechanism of action is through depression of thalmic and hypothalmic areas of the brain
produce sedation, muscle relaxation, appetite stimulation and anticonvulsant activity

Front 48

diazepam

Back 48

benzodiazepine derivative

Front 49

midazolam

Back 49

benzodiazepine derivative

Front 50

xylazine hcl

Back 50

alpha-2 agonist with sedative analgesic and muscle relaxant properties
antogonized by yohimbine

Front 51

detomidine

Back 51

alpha-2 agonist used for sedation and analgeia in horses

Front 52

medetomidine

Back 52

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used as a sedatie and analgesic in dogs

Front 53

barbituates

Back 53

CNS depressant used as a sedative, anticonvulsant, general anesthetic and euthanasia agent

Front 54

phenobarbital

Back 54

long acting barbiturate used primarily as an anticonvulsant

Front 55

pentobarbital sodium

Back 55

short acting barbiturate (oxybarbiturate) used to control seizures and as a euthania agent

Front 56

thiobarbiturates

Back 56

ultrashort acting barbiturate
rapidly redistributed into fat stores of the body

Front 57

thiopental

Back 57

thiobarbiturate used as an IV agent to induce general anesthesia

Front 58

methohexital

Back 58

thiobarbiturate used in sight hounds because of its rapid redistribution and metabolism by the liver

Front 59

dissociative agents

Back 59

act by altering neurotransmitter activity cause depression of the thalamus and cerebral cortex and activation of the limbic system
used for sedation restraint and anesthesia

Front 60

ketamine

Back 60

dissociative agent
produces good somatic analgesia but poor visceral anagelsia
used in conjunction with ace, xylazine, and diazepam

Front 61

tiletamine hcl

Back 61

dissociative agent
class III controlled substance

Front 62

phencyclidine

Back 62

dissociative agent, no longer available (PCP)

Front 63

opioid

Back 63

any compound derived from opium poppy alkaloids
produce analgesia and sedation

Front 64

morphine sufate

Back 64

opioid
preanesthetic or anesthetic agent
exerts itself on Mu receptors (pain regulating area)

Front 65

meperidine

Back 65

opioid (Mu receptor)
used for relief of acute pain

Front 66

oxymophone

Back 66

opioid (Mu receptor)
used primarily for restraint

Front 67

butorphanol tartrate

Back 67

opioid
used anesthetic and preanesthetic

Front 68

fentanyl

Back 68

opioid
class II controlled substance
transdermal patch for chronic pain

Front 69

hydrocodone bitartrate

Back 69

opioid
antitussive agent
class III controlled substance

Front 70

etorphine

Back 70

opioid
strong analgesic

Front 71

pentazocine

Back 71

opioid agonist
pain relief

Front 72

diphenoxylate

Back 72

opioid agonist
combined with atropine for use as an antidiarrheal

Front 73

apomorphine

Back 73

opioid
induces vomiting by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain

Front 74

methadone

Back 74

opioid
treatment of colic pain in horses

Front 75

codeine

Back 75

opioid
antitussive

Front 76

carfentanil

Back 76

opioid
wildlife anesthesia

Front 77

buprenorphine

Back 77

opioid
potent analgesic

Front 78

opioid antagonists

Back 78

block the effects of opioids by binding with opiate receptors and preventing further narcotis from binding at tthe sites

Front 79

naloxone

Back 79

opioid antagonist
high affinity for mu receptors

Front 80

nalorphine

Back 80

opioid antagonist
may produce analgesic and respiratory depressant effects

Front 81

neuroleptanalgesics

Back 81

consists of an opioid with a tranquilizer

Front 82

fentanyl and droperidol

Back 82

neuroleptanalgesic
used for restraint and minor surgical procedures

Front 83

neuroleptanalgesics prepared by a clinician

Back 83

acepromazine and morphine
acepromazine and oxymorphone
xylazine and butorphanol

Front 84

drugs used to prevent seizures or control seizures in progress

Back 84

diazepam
pentobarbital
phenobarbital
primidone
phenytoin sodium
bromide
clorazepate
felbamate

Front 85

inhalant anesthetics

Back 85

used to produce general anesthesia
converted from liquid to gaseous phase by an anesthetic vaporizer and delivered to the lungs using an oxygen sourcce and a patient breathing circuit

Front 86

isoflurane

Back 86

inhalant anesthetic
colorless liquid, pungent odor
halogenated ether
metabolized at a very low rate

Front 87

sevoflurane

Back 87

inhalant anesthetic
halogenated ether
rapid induction and recovery time

Front 88

halothane

Back 88

inhalant anesthetic
halogenated hydrocarbon
decomposes when exposed to ultraviolet light

Front 89

methoxyflurane

Back 89

inhalant anesthetic
most potent
undergoes most biotransformation

Front 90

nitrous oxide

Back 90

inhalant anesthetic
inorganic gas
must be given with oxygen to prevent hypoxia

Front 91

propofol

Back 91

short acting hypnotic
rapid and smooth induction
useful anesthetic

Front 92

guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate)

Back 92

skeletal muscle relaxant that exerts its effect on connecting neurons of spinal cord and brain stem
used for general anesthesia and occasion expectorant

Front 93

CNS stimulants

Back 93

used for treatment of respiratory depression or arrest

Front 94

doxapram

Back 94

activates the respiratory system by stimulating respiratory centers in the medulla

Front 95

pentylenetetrazol

Back 95

CNS stimulant used to stimulate respirations and hasten recovery from anesthesia

Front 96

caffeine

Back 96

general CNS stimulant that increases wakefulness

Front 97

amphetamine

Back 97

CNS stimulant
potent stimulant of the cerebral cortex

Front 98

neuromuscular blocking drugs

Back 98

interfere with neuromuscular transmission of impulses and are used as an adjunct to general anesthesia

Front 99

depolarzing neuromuscular blocking drugs

Back 99

act in a way similar to acetylcholine at the neuromuscular synapse, leading to muscle paralysis
ex. succinylcholine chloride, decamethonium

Front 100

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

Back 100

prevent acetylcholine from binding to receptor sites
ex.d-tubocurarine chloride
gallamine, pancuronium bromide, vecuronium bromide, atracurium

Front 101

antianxiety medications

Back 101

benzodiazepines
aapirones

Front 102

antidepressnats

Back 102

tricyclics
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors
synthetic progestins

Front 103

euthanasia agents

Back 103

pentobarbital sodium
pentobarbital
fatal-plus