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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nervous System
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-Controls your feelings, thoughts, and movements, and automatic actions-- breathing and heartbeat
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How does the Nervous System control the other body systems?
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-All other body systems receive chemical dn electrical signals from the nervous sytem.
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What three systems work together to produce every movement of the body?
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1. Muscle System
2. Nervous System 3. Skeletal System |
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Stimuli
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-Simply a change in your environment
-It can be good or irritating |
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Nervous System
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-Responsible for sensing changes in stimuli in the environment.
-Responds to stimuli -Controls internal environment by regulating function of your glands and organs |
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Which system is the 'Control System' of the body?
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-The Nervous System
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Neuron
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-The basic cell of the nervous sytem
-The nerve cell |
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Three parts of a Neuron
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1. Axon
2. Cell Body 3. Dendrites |
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Dendrites
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-Look like skinny arms coming off the cell body
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Axons
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-Look like long tails.
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How does the nervous system carry messages in the body?
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-Passes the messages from one neuron to the next.
-The axon of one neuron carries signal from the cell body to the dendrite of the next neuron. -The dendrite carries the message to the cell body. |
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Electrochemical Signals
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-A signal made up of both electical and chemical charges sent by the nervous system
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What happens when a neuron is stimulated?
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-A neuron fires a tiny electrical charge that travels down the axon.
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How long can an Axon be?
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-An axon can be up to a meter in length.
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Synapse
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-Connection between two neurons
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What do the special sacs on the end of the axon release?
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-These sacs release chemicals into the space between the axon and the dendrite of the next neuron (synapse).
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What happens when chemicals are released into the synapse?
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-The chemicals cause the next neuron to fire an electrical charge, and the signal continues through the body.
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What are the other cells in the nervous system?
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-Supporting cells known as glial cells
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Glial Cells
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-More common than neurons
-Do not carry electrical charges -Glial cells nourish and support the neurons |
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What are the two mini-systems within the Nervous system?
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1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System |
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Central Nervous System
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-system made up of the Brain and Spinal Cord
-control center for receiving stimuli and coordinating responses |
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Peripheral Nervous System
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-Contains all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
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What is the purpose of the Peripheral Nervous System?
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-Receives stimuli from your environment and carrying response signals back to your muscles and glands
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Brain
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-In humans, highly complex organ
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What are the three main parts of the brain?
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1. Cerebrum, or forebrain
2. Cerebellum 3. Brain Stem |
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Brain Stem
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-Long mass of tissue above the spinal cord
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What are the three parts of the brain stem?
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1. Medulla
2. Pons 3. Midbrain |
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Medulla
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-Main part of the brain stem
-Controls involuntary organ functions such as hearbeat, breathing, sneezing,and coughing -Serves as connection site between the other brain parts and the spinal cord |
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Pons and Midbrain
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-Make up rest of the brain stem
-Serve as relay stations for perpheral nerves |
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Cerebellum or Hindbrain
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-receives information from the muscles, joints, tendons, and inner ear
-it controls muscle movements |
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What part of the brain controls your sense of balance
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-Cerebellum
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What area of the brain allows you to automatically do activities after you have practiced the movements?
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-Cerebellum
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What is the largest part of the brain?
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-Cerebrum
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Cerebrum
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-also called the forebrain
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The inner forebrain controls:
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-hunger
-thirst, -shivering -sweating -receives information from your senses -controls many emotions -alerts to danger |
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Describe the outer forebrain?
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-Gray
-Wrinkled |
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What do the wrinkles of the cerebrum do?
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-The wrinkles help increase the surface area of the brain so that more information can be processed.
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Cerebrum
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-Part of the brain that memory, speech, reasoning, ability, imagination, and conscious thought are controlled
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What part of the brain makes us human?
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-Cerebrum
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When divided, how many parts does the cerebrum have?
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-Two
-Right and Left Hemisphere |
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Why does the left side of the brain control the right side of the body and vice versa?
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-Because of the crossover of nerves in the brain
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Nine out of ten people use what side of the brain most often?
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-Left hemiphere
-Most people are right handed |
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What is brain mapping?
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-Process of pinpointing the exact places in the brain where certain emotions or thoughts are controlled
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What led scientists to the idea that certain areas of the brain were responsible for specific functions?
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-In the 1800s, a railroad worker was struck with an iron rod driven completely through his skull.
-His personality with through a great change. |
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Is the brain sensitive to pain?
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NO
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Spinal Cord
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-Thick cord of nervous tissue
-Carries messages to and from the brain |
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What is the approximate length of the spinal cord?
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40 to 50 cm. long
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What happens if the spinal cord is damaged or severed?
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-Paralysis or the inability to move occurs because messages from the brain can no longer be received by the legs or the arms, depending on where the damage occurs.
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Paralysis
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-Inability to move
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What is a concussion?
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-Brain bruise
-Occurs when the brain is bumped agaist the skull as the result of a severe blow to the head |
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What are the ways that the brain and spinal cord are protected?
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1. Cerebrospinal Fluid
2. Meninges 3. Skull 4. Spinal Column |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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-Shock-absorbing fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord
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Meninges
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-Three layes of special connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord
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Skull
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-Bony helmut covering the entire brain, formed by several fused bones
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Spinal column
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-Hard, bumpy structure known as your backbone that protects the spinal cord
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Vertebrae
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-Small bones that make up the spinal column
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How many vertebrae make up the spinal column?
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26 vertebrae
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What keeps the bones of the spinal column from rubbing against each other as you move?
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-Cartilage
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What is the Peripheral Nervous system made up of?
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Nerves that carry information to and from the brain.
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Sensory Nerves
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-Responsible for receiving stimuli and carrying the messages to either the brain or the spinal cord
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Motor nerves
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-responsible for carrying messagges back from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
-Tell muscles when to contract |
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Association Nerves
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-Part of the central nervous system and connect the sensory and motot nerves
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What are the special nerve cells that receive information from the outside world?
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-Receptors
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What types of information do the receptors receive?
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Pressure, temperature, pain, taste, smell, seeing light, dark, shapes, and color.
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What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous system?
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1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System |
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Which part of the nervous system is under conscious control?
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-Somatic Nervous System
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Which nervous system controls the smooth muscle that lines the internal organs?
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-Automatic nervous system
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What are the functions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
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-Controls smooth muscle of internal organs
-Controls glands of the endocrine system -Causes heart rate and breating to speed up if stressed or excited - |
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The optic nerve leading into your eye is part of the _____________ ___________
system. |
-peripheral nervous system
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Reflex action
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-involuntary action
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Reflex Arc
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-a special 'short-cut'pathway of nerves used with a reflect action
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