Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
264 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What germ layer is the nervous system from? |
Ectoderm |
|
What 3 main parts does the nervous system contain? |
CNS, PNS and ANS |
|
Parts of CNS |
Brain and spinal cord |
|
Parts of PNS |
Neuroma outside the CNS and cranial and spinal nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the peripheral structures |
|
Parts of the ANS |
Parts in both CNS and PNS that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular epithelium |
|
The _______ ________ differentiates into the CNS |
Neural tube |
|
The neural tube differentiates into the ______ ______ ______ |
CNS |
|
Neural crest cells give rise to cells that form most of the ______ ______ ______ and the _______ _______ ________ |
PNS and ANS |
|
The _____ ______ _____ gives rise to the cells that form most of the PNS and ANS |
Neural crest cells |
|
Nervous system develops from the ______ _________ |
Neural plate |
|
Nervous system develops from the ______ _________ |
Neural plate |
|
The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate |
Nervous system |
|
Nervous system develops from the ______ _________ |
Neural plate |
|
The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate |
Nervous system |
|
The _______ and the ________ _______ induce overlying ectoderm to differentiate into the ______ ______ |
Notochord. Paraxial mesoderm. Neural plate |
|
Nervous system develops from the ______ _________ |
Neural plate |
|
The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate |
Nervous system |
|
The _______ and the ________ _______ induce overlying ectoderm to differentiate into the ______ ______ |
Notochord. Paraxial mesoderm. Neural plate |
|
The notochord and paradisal mesoderm induce the _________ to develop into the neural plate. |
Ectoderm |
|
3 signalling molecules of the nervous system |
TGF-B. Shh. BMPs |
|
3 signalling molecules of the nervous system |
TGF-B. Shh. BMPs |
|
Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage |
Neural plate |
|
3 signalling molecules of the nervous system |
TGF-B. Shh. BMPs |
|
Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage |
Neural plate |
|
BMPs establish _______ ________ |
sensory regions |
|
3 signalling molecules of the nervous system |
TGF-B. Shh. BMPs |
|
Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage |
Neural plate |
|
BMPs establish _______ ________ |
sensory regions |
|
_______ establish sensory regions |
BMPs |
|
3 signalling molecules of the nervous system |
TGF-B. Shh. BMPs |
|
Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage |
Neural plate |
|
BMPs establish _______ ________ |
sensory regions |
|
_______ establish sensory regions |
BMPs |
|
________ establish motor regions |
Shh |
|
The neural tube forms in the ___ week and is completed in the ____ week |
3rd. 4th |
|
What week does neuralation occur? |
3rd |
|
What week does neuralation occur? |
3rd |
|
What is neuralation? |
Formation of the neural plate and neural tube |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______ |
Brain. Spinal cord. |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______ |
Brain. Spinal cord. |
|
The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord |
Ventricular system. Central canal. |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______ |
Brain. Spinal cord. |
|
The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord |
Ventricular system. Central canal. |
|
The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord |
Neural canal |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______ |
Brain. Spinal cord. |
|
The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord |
Ventricular system. Central canal. |
|
The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord |
Neural canal |
|
Cells of the neural tube are called _______ |
Neuroepithelial |
|
When does the rostral neuropore close ? |
25th day |
|
When does the caudal neuropore close? |
27th day |
|
What is the rostral neuropore ? |
Cranial opening |
|
Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________ |
Brain and the spinal cord |
|
Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord |
Neural tube |
|
The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______ |
Brain. Spinal cord. |
|
The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord |
Ventricular system. Central canal. |
|
The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord |
Neural canal |
|
Cells of the neural tube are called _______ |
Neuroepithelial |
|
Cells of the ______ are called neuroepithelial |
Neural tube |
|
____________ cells proliferate and the lumen decreases |
Neuroepithelial |
|
____________ cells proliferate and the lumen decreases |
Neuroepithelial |
|
Neuroepithelial cells _________ and the lumen ________ |
Proliferate. Decreases. |
|
Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells? |
Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal. |
|
Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells? |
Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal. |
|
Neuroblasts become _______ |
Neurons |
|
Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells? |
Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal. |
|
Neuroblasts become _______ |
Neurons |
|
________ become neurons |
Neuroblasts |
|
Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells? |
Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal. |
|
Neuroblasts become _______ |
Neurons |
|
________ become neurons |
Neuroblasts |
|
Glioblasts become _______ |
Macroglia |
|
Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells? |
Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal. |
|
Neuroblasts become _______ |
Neurons |
|
________ become neurons |
Neuroblasts |
|
Glioblasts become _______ |
Macroglia |
|
_________ become macroglia |
Glioblasts |
|
Cells remaining next to the neural canal become _______ cells |
Ependymal |
|
Cells remaining next to the _______ ______ become ependymal cells |
Neural canal |
|
Wall of the neural tube differentiates into what 3 layers? |
Inner ventricular. Intermediate. Outer marginal |
|
Wall of the neural tube differentiates into what 3 layers? |
Inner ventricular. Intermediate. Outer marginal |
|
Wall of the ______ _______ differentiates into 3 layers |
Neural tube |
|
Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer |
Ventricular |
|
Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer |
Ventricular |
|
________ cells remain in ventricular layer |
Ependymal |
|
Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer |
Ventricular |
|
________ cells remain in ventricular layer |
Ependymal |
|
Neuroblasts and Glioblasts complete differentiation in the _________ layer. |
Intermediate |
|
Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer |
Ventricular |
|
________ cells remain in ventricular layer |
Ependymal |
|
Neuroblasts and Glioblasts complete differentiation in the _________ layer. |
Intermediate |
|
__________ and __________ complete differentiation in the intermediate layer. |
Neuroblasts and Glioblasts |
|
Marginal zone is the outer parts of the _______ |
Neurons |
|
Marginal zone is the outer parts of the _______ |
Neurons |
|
_______ zone is the outer parts of the neurons |
Marginal |
|
Neural tube caudal to the ___ pair of _______ develops into the _______ _____ |
4th. Somites. Spinal cord. |
|
Neural tube caudal to the ___ pair of _______ develops into the _______ _____ |
4th. Somites. Spinal cord. |
|
________ ________ caudal to the ___ pair of ______ develops into the spinal cord |
Neural tube. 4th. Somites |
|
The _____ walls of the neural tube thicken, reducing the size of the ______ ______ until only a small central canal in the ______ ______ is present at 9-10 weeks |
Lateral. Neural canal. Spinal cord. |
|
The _____ walls of the neural tube thicken, reducing the size of the ______ ______ until only a small central canal in the ______ ______ is present at 9-10 weeks |
Lateral. Neural canal. Spinal cord. |
|
The lateral walls of the _____ ______ thicken, gradually reducing the size of the neural canal until only a small canal of the spinal cord is present at ___ to ___ weeks. |
Neural tube. Spinal cord. 9-10 weeks |
|
Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______ |
Neural tube. |
|
Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______ |
Neural tube. |
|
Spinal cord develops from the _______ part of the neurotube |
Caudal |
|
Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______ |
Neural tube. |
|
Spinal cord develops from the _______ part of the neurotube |
Caudal |
|
_____ ______ develops from the caudal part of the neurotube. |
Spinal cord |
|
______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates |
Roof and floor |
|
______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates |
Roof and floor |
|
Roof and floor of ______ _____ thin as plates. |
Neural tube |
|
______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates |
Roof and floor |
|
Roof and floor of ______ _____ thin as plates. |
Neural tube |
|
Roof and floor of neural tube thin as ______ |
Plates |
|
______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates |
Sulcus limitans |
|
______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates |
Sulcus limitans |
|
Sulcus limitans separated the side walls of the _____ _____ into ______ and _______ plates |
Neural tube. Dorsal and ventral |
|
______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates |
Sulcus limitans |
|
Sulcus limitans separated the side walls of the _____ _____ into ______ and _______ plates |
Neural tube. Dorsal and ventral |
|
What are the specific names of the dorsal and ventral plates of the neural tube that forms by the sulcus limitans ? |
Dorsal - alar. Ventral - basal |
|
Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______ |
Gray matter |
|
Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______ |
Gray matter |
|
_______ _____ become the dorsal horns of Gray matter |
Alar plates |
|
Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______ |
Gray matter |
|
_______ _____ become the dorsal horns of Gray matter |
Alar plates |
|
Alar plates become the ______ ______ of Gray matter |
Dorsal horns |
|
_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer |
Neuron |
|
_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer |
Neuron |
|
Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer |
Intermediate |
|
_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer |
Neuron |
|
Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer |
Intermediate |
|
The ______ layer becomes the white matter |
Marginal |
|
_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer |
Neuron |
|
Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer |
Intermediate |
|
The ______ layer becomes the white matter |
Marginal |
|
The marginal layer becomes the _______ ________ |
White matter |
|
Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______ |
Neural crest cells |
|
Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______ |
Neural crest cells |
|
_________ neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from neural crest cells |
Unipolar |
|
Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______ |
Neural crest cells |
|
_________ neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from neural crest cells |
Unipolar |
|
Unipolar neurons in the ______ _________ are derived from the neural crest cells |
Spinal ganglia |
|
The _______ of the cells in the spinal ganglia are first bipolar but the two processes soon unite in a _____ shaped fashion. |
Axons. T shaped |
|
The axons of the cells in the ______ _______ are first bipolar. But the two processes soon unite in a T shaped fashion |
Spinal ganglia |
|
The axons of the cells in the ______ _______ are first bipolar. But the two processes soon unite in a T shaped fashion |
Spinal ganglia |
|
The _______ of the cells in the spinal ganglia are at first ______. But the two processes soon ______ in a T shaped fashion |
Axons. Bipolar. Unite. |
|
Neural crest cells give rise to dorsal ______ _______ |
Root ganglia |
|
Neural crest cells give rise to dorsal ______ _______ |
Root ganglia |
|
______ _______ _______ give rise to dorsal root ganglia |
Neural crest cells |
|
What are root ganglia ? |
Cell bodies of sensory neurons |
|
Peripheral processes are in _____ nerves |
Spinal |
|
Peripheral processes are in _____ nerves |
Spinal |
|
______ processes are in spinal nerves |
Peripheral |
|
Basal plates become the ______ and ________ horns of grey matter |
Lateral ventral |
|
Basal plates become the ______ and ________ horns of grey matter |
Lateral ventral |
|
Basal plates become the lateral and dorsal horns of ______ ______ |
Grey matter |
|
________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre |
Basal |
|
________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre |
Basal |
|
______ plates have an efferent function |
Basal |
|
________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre |
Basal |
|
______ plates have an efferent function |
Basal |
|
basal plates have an ______ function |
Efferent |
|
Spinal nerve divides the dorsal and ventral ______ _______ |
Primary rami |
|
Spinal nerve divides into the dorsal and ventral ______ _______ |
Primary rami |
|
______ ______ divides into dorsal and ventral primary rami |
Spinal nerve |
|
Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami |
Dorsal and ventral |
|
Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami |
Dorsal and ventral |
|
Dorsal primary rami innervate what 3 things? |
Limbs, vertebral joints, skin on back |
|
Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami |
Dorsal and ventral |
|
Dorsal primary rami innervate what 3 things? |
Limbs, vertebral joints, skin on back |
|
The ______ ______ ______ innervate the limbs, vertebral joints and skin on back |
Dorsal primary rami |
|
The ventral primary rami innervate what 2 things ? |
Limbs and ventral body wall |
|
The ventral primary rami innervate what 2 things ? |
Limbs and ventral body wall |
|
The ______ _____ _______ innervate the limbs and ventral body wall |
Ventral primary rami |
|
The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________ |
Primordial menix. Meninges |
|
The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________ |
Primordial menix. Meninges |
|
The mesenchyme surrounding the _____ _____ forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges |
Neural tube |
|
The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________ |
Primordial menix. Meninges |
|
The mesenchyme surrounding the _____ _____ forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges |
Neural tube |
|
The _______ surrounding the neural tube forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges |
Mesenchyme |
|
The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______ |
Dura mater |
|
The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______ |
Dura mater |
|
The _______ layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the dura mater |
External |
|
The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______ |
Dura mater |
|
The _______ layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the dura mater |
External |
|
The external layer of the ________ _______ thickens to form the dura mater |
Primordial menix |
|
The pia-arachnoid is composed of _____ mater and _____ mater |
Pia. Arachnoid. |
|
The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____ |
Neural crest cells. |
|
The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____ |
Neural crest cells. |
|
The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells |
Internal |
|
The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____ |
Neural crest cells. |
|
The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells |
Internal |
|
Cerebrospinal fluid beings to form during the ___ week |
5th |
|
The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____ |
Neural crest cells. |
|
The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells |
Internal |
|
Cerebrospinal fluid beings to form during the ___ week |
5th |
|
________ fluid beings to form in the 5th week |
Cerebrospinal |
|
Why does the position of the spinal cord change ? |
Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord |
|
Why does the position of the spinal cord change ? |
Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord |
|
Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column |
Higher |
|
Why does the position of the spinal cord change ? |
Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord |
|
Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column |
Higher |
|
______ _______ lies at higher levels than the vertebral column |
Spinal cord |
|
Why does the position of the spinal cord change ? |
Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord |
|
Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column |
Higher |
|
______ _______ lies at higher levels than the vertebral column |
Spinal cord |
|
Spinal cord lies at higher levels that the ______ ________ |
Vertebral column |
|
Where does the spinal cord end? |
L1 |
|
Myelination of nerve fibers begins in the _____ _______ _______ and continues during the _____ year after birth. |
Late fetal period. 1st |
|
_____ of ______ ______ begins in the late fetal period and continues during the 1st year after birth |
Myelination of nerve fibers |
|
In PNS, myelin is formed by ______ _______ |
Schwann cells |
|
In PNS, myelin is formed by ______ _______ |
Schwann cells |
|
In PNS, ______ is formed by Schwann cells |
Myelin |
|
In ______ myelin is formed by Schwann cells |
PNS |
|
In ______ myelin is formed by Schwann cells |
PNS |
|
Schwann cells come from _____ ______ |
Neural crest |
|
In CNS, myelin is formed by _______ |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
In CNS, myelin is formed by _______ |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes |
Myelin |
|
In CNS, myelin is formed by _______ |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes |
Myelin |
|
In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes |
CNS |
|
In CNS, myelin is formed by _______ |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes |
Myelin |
|
In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes |
CNS |
|
Tracks become functional when _______ |
Myelinated |
|
In CNS, myelin is formed by _______ |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes |
Myelin |
|
In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes |
CNS |
|
Tracks become functional when _______ |
Myelinated |
|
________ become functional when myelinated |
Tracks |