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264 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What germ layer is the nervous system from?


Ectoderm


What 3 main parts does the nervous system contain?


CNS, PNS and ANS


Parts of CNS


Brain and spinal cord

Parts of PNS

Neuroma outside the CNS and cranial and spinal nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the peripheral structures

Parts of the ANS

Parts in both CNS and PNS that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular epithelium

The _______ ________ differentiates into the CNS

Neural tube

The neural tube differentiates into the ______ ______ ______

CNS

Neural crest cells give rise to cells that form most of the ______ ______ ______ and the _______ _______ ________

PNS and ANS

The _____ ______ _____ gives rise to the cells that form most of the PNS and ANS

Neural crest cells

Nervous system develops from the ______ _________

Neural plate

Nervous system develops from the ______ _________

Neural plate

The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate

Nervous system

Nervous system develops from the ______ _________

Neural plate

The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate

Nervous system

The _______ and the ________ _______ induce overlying ectoderm to differentiate into the ______ ______

Notochord. Paraxial mesoderm. Neural plate

Nervous system develops from the ______ _________

Neural plate

The ________ ________ develops from the neural plate

Nervous system

The _______ and the ________ _______ induce overlying ectoderm to differentiate into the ______ ______

Notochord. Paraxial mesoderm. Neural plate

The notochord and paradisal mesoderm induce the _________ to develop into the neural plate.

Ectoderm

3 signalling molecules of the nervous system

TGF-B. Shh. BMPs

3 signalling molecules of the nervous system

TGF-B. Shh. BMPs

Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage

Neural plate

3 signalling molecules of the nervous system

TGF-B. Shh. BMPs

Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage

Neural plate

BMPs establish _______ ________

sensory regions

3 signalling molecules of the nervous system

TGF-B. Shh. BMPs

Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage

Neural plate

BMPs establish _______ ________

sensory regions

_______ establish sensory regions

BMPs

3 signalling molecules of the nervous system

TGF-B. Shh. BMPs

Molecular signals for brain development are initiated at the ________ ________ stage

Neural plate

BMPs establish _______ ________

sensory regions

_______ establish sensory regions

BMPs

________ establish motor regions

Shh

The neural tube forms in the ___ week and is completed in the ____ week

3rd. 4th

What week does neuralation occur?

3rd

What week does neuralation occur?

3rd

What is neuralation?

Formation of the neural plate and neural tube

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______

Brain. Spinal cord.

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______

Brain. Spinal cord.

The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord

Ventricular system. Central canal.

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______

Brain. Spinal cord.

The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord

Ventricular system. Central canal.

The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Neural canal

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______

Brain. Spinal cord.

The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord

Ventricular system. Central canal.

The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Neural canal

Cells of the neural tube are called _______

Neuroepithelial

When does the rostral neuropore close ?

25th day

When does the caudal neuropore close?

27th day

What is the rostral neuropore ?

Cranial opening

Walls of the neural tube thicken to form the______ and the ______ ________

Brain and the spinal cord

Walls of the _______ _______ thicken to form the brain and the spinal cord

Neural tube

The neural canal forms the ventricular system of the ______ and the central canal of the _____ _______

Brain. Spinal cord.

The neural canal forms the ________ ________ of the brain and the ______ ______ of the spinal cord

Ventricular system. Central canal.

The ______ _______ forms the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Neural canal

Cells of the neural tube are called _______

Neuroepithelial

Cells of the ______ are called neuroepithelial

Neural tube

____________ cells proliferate and the lumen decreases

Neuroepithelial

____________ cells proliferate and the lumen decreases

Neuroepithelial

Neuroepithelial cells _________ and the lumen ________

Proliferate. Decreases.

Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells?

Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal.

Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells?

Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal.

Neuroblasts become _______

Neurons

Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells?

Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal.

Neuroblasts become _______

Neurons

________ become neurons

Neuroblasts

Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells?

Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal.

Neuroblasts become _______

Neurons

________ become neurons

Neuroblasts

Glioblasts become _______

Macroglia

Neuralepithelial cells produce what 3 types of cells?

Neutron lasts. Glioblasts. Cells remaining next to neural canal.

Neuroblasts become _______

Neurons

________ become neurons

Neuroblasts

Glioblasts become _______

Macroglia

_________ become macroglia

Glioblasts

Cells remaining next to the neural canal become _______ cells

Ependymal

Cells remaining next to the _______ ______ become ependymal cells

Neural canal

Wall of the neural tube differentiates into what 3 layers?

Inner ventricular. Intermediate. Outer marginal

Wall of the neural tube differentiates into what 3 layers?

Inner ventricular. Intermediate. Outer marginal

Wall of the ______ _______ differentiates into 3 layers

Neural tube

Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer

Ventricular

Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer

Ventricular

________ cells remain in ventricular layer

Ependymal

Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer

Ventricular

________ cells remain in ventricular layer

Ependymal

Neuroblasts and Glioblasts complete differentiation in the _________ layer.

Intermediate

Ependymal cells remain in __________ layer

Ventricular

________ cells remain in ventricular layer

Ependymal

Neuroblasts and Glioblasts complete differentiation in the _________ layer.

Intermediate

__________ and __________ complete differentiation in the intermediate layer.

Neuroblasts and Glioblasts

Marginal zone is the outer parts of the _______

Neurons

Marginal zone is the outer parts of the _______

Neurons

_______ zone is the outer parts of the neurons

Marginal

Neural tube caudal to the ___ pair of _______ develops into the _______ _____

4th. Somites. Spinal cord.

Neural tube caudal to the ___ pair of _______ develops into the _______ _____

4th. Somites. Spinal cord.

________ ________ caudal to the ___ pair of ______ develops into the spinal cord

Neural tube. 4th. Somites

The _____ walls of the neural tube thicken, reducing the size of the ______ ______ until only a small central canal in the ______ ______ is present at 9-10 weeks

Lateral. Neural canal. Spinal cord.

The _____ walls of the neural tube thicken, reducing the size of the ______ ______ until only a small central canal in the ______ ______ is present at 9-10 weeks

Lateral. Neural canal. Spinal cord.

The lateral walls of the _____ ______ thicken, gradually reducing the size of the neural canal until only a small canal of the spinal cord is present at ___ to ___ weeks.

Neural tube. Spinal cord. 9-10 weeks

Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______

Neural tube.

Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______

Neural tube.

Spinal cord develops from the _______ part of the neurotube

Caudal

Spinal cord develops from the caudal part of the ______ ______

Neural tube.

Spinal cord develops from the _______ part of the neurotube

Caudal

_____ ______ develops from the caudal part of the neurotube.

Spinal cord

______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates

Roof and floor

______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates

Roof and floor

Roof and floor of ______ _____ thin as plates.

Neural tube

______ and _______ of neural tube thin as plates

Roof and floor

Roof and floor of ______ _____ thin as plates.

Neural tube

Roof and floor of neural tube thin as ______

Plates

______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates

Sulcus limitans

______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates

Sulcus limitans

Sulcus limitans separated the side walls of the _____ _____ into ______ and _______ plates

Neural tube. Dorsal and ventral

______ ______ separates the side walls of the neural tube into dorsal and ventral plates

Sulcus limitans

Sulcus limitans separated the side walls of the _____ _____ into ______ and _______ plates

Neural tube. Dorsal and ventral

What are the specific names of the dorsal and ventral plates of the neural tube that forms by the sulcus limitans ?

Dorsal - alar. Ventral - basal

Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______

Gray matter

Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______

Gray matter

_______ _____ become the dorsal horns of Gray matter

Alar plates

Alar plates become the dorsal horns of _____ ______

Gray matter

_______ _____ become the dorsal horns of Gray matter

Alar plates

Alar plates become the ______ ______ of Gray matter

Dorsal horns

_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer

Neuron

_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer

Neuron

Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer

Intermediate

_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer

Neuron

Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer

Intermediate

The ______ layer becomes the white matter

Marginal

_________ cell bodies are in the intermediate layer

Neuron

Neuron cell bodies are in the _________ layer

Intermediate

The ______ layer becomes the white matter

Marginal

The marginal layer becomes the _______ ________

White matter

Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______

Neural crest cells

Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______

Neural crest cells

_________ neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from neural crest cells

Unipolar

Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from the ______ ______ ______

Neural crest cells

_________ neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from neural crest cells

Unipolar

Unipolar neurons in the ______ _________ are derived from the neural crest cells

Spinal ganglia

The _______ of the cells in the spinal ganglia are first bipolar but the two processes soon unite in a _____ shaped fashion.

Axons. T shaped

The axons of the cells in the ______ _______ are first bipolar. But the two processes soon unite in a T shaped fashion

Spinal ganglia

The axons of the cells in the ______ _______ are first bipolar. But the two processes soon unite in a T shaped fashion

Spinal ganglia

The _______ of the cells in the spinal ganglia are at first ______. But the two processes soon ______ in a T shaped fashion

Axons. Bipolar. Unite.

Neural crest cells give rise to dorsal ______ _______

Root ganglia

Neural crest cells give rise to dorsal ______ _______

Root ganglia

______ _______ _______ give rise to dorsal root ganglia

Neural crest cells

What are root ganglia ?

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

Peripheral processes are in _____ nerves

Spinal

Peripheral processes are in _____ nerves

Spinal

______ processes are in spinal nerves

Peripheral

Basal plates become the ______ and ________ horns of grey matter

Lateral ventral

Basal plates become the ______ and ________ horns of grey matter

Lateral ventral

Basal plates become the lateral and dorsal horns of ______ ______

Grey matter

________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre

Basal

________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre

Basal

______ plates have an efferent function

Basal

________ plates become the lateral and ventral horns of greys tyre

Basal

______ plates have an efferent function

Basal

basal plates have an ______ function

Efferent

Spinal nerve divides the dorsal and ventral ______ _______

Primary rami

Spinal nerve divides into the dorsal and ventral ______ _______

Primary rami

______ ______ divides into dorsal and ventral primary rami

Spinal nerve

Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami

Dorsal and ventral

Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami

Dorsal and ventral

Dorsal primary rami innervate what 3 things?

Limbs, vertebral joints, skin on back

Spinal nerve divides into the _______ and _________ primary rami

Dorsal and ventral

Dorsal primary rami innervate what 3 things?

Limbs, vertebral joints, skin on back

The ______ ______ ______ innervate the limbs, vertebral joints and skin on back

Dorsal primary rami

The ventral primary rami innervate what 2 things ?

Limbs and ventral body wall

The ventral primary rami innervate what 2 things ?

Limbs and ventral body wall

The ______ _____ _______ innervate the limbs and ventral body wall

Ventral primary rami

The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________

Primordial menix. Meninges

The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________

Primordial menix. Meninges

The mesenchyme surrounding the _____ _____ forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges

Neural tube

The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube condenses and forms a membrane called the _______ _______ or ________

Primordial menix. Meninges

The mesenchyme surrounding the _____ _____ forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges

Neural tube

The _______ surrounding the neural tube forms a membrane called the primordial menix or meninges

Mesenchyme

The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______

Dura mater

The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______

Dura mater

The _______ layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the dura mater

External

The external layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the ______ _______

Dura mater

The _______ layer of the primordial menix thickens to form the dura mater

External

The external layer of the ________ _______ thickens to form the dura mater

Primordial menix

The pia-arachnoid is composed of _____ mater and _____ mater

Pia. Arachnoid.

The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____

Neural crest cells.

The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____

Neural crest cells.

The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells

Internal

The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____

Neural crest cells.

The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells

Internal

Cerebrospinal fluid beings to form during the ___ week

5th

The internal layer of pia-arachnoid mater is derived from ______ ______ _____

Neural crest cells.

The ______ layer of pia-arachnoid is derived from neural crest cells

Internal

Cerebrospinal fluid beings to form during the ___ week

5th

________ fluid beings to form in the 5th week

Cerebrospinal

Why does the position of the spinal cord change ?

Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord

Why does the position of the spinal cord change ?

Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord

Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column

Higher

Why does the position of the spinal cord change ?

Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord

Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column

Higher

______ _______ lies at higher levels than the vertebral column

Spinal cord

Why does the position of the spinal cord change ?

Because the vertebrate column grows more rapidly than the spinal cord

Spinal cord lies at _____ levels than the vertebral column

Higher

______ _______ lies at higher levels than the vertebral column

Spinal cord

Spinal cord lies at higher levels that the ______ ________

Vertebral column

Where does the spinal cord end?

L1

Myelination of nerve fibers begins in the _____ _______ _______ and continues during the _____ year after birth.

Late fetal period. 1st

_____ of ______ ______ begins in the late fetal period and continues during the 1st year after birth

Myelination of nerve fibers

In PNS, myelin is formed by ______ _______

Schwann cells

In PNS, myelin is formed by ______ _______

Schwann cells

In PNS, ______ is formed by Schwann cells

Myelin

In ______ myelin is formed by Schwann cells

PNS

In ______ myelin is formed by Schwann cells

PNS

Schwann cells come from _____ ______

Neural crest

In CNS, myelin is formed by _______

Oligodendrocytes

In CNS, myelin is formed by _______

Oligodendrocytes

In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes

Myelin

In CNS, myelin is formed by _______

Oligodendrocytes

In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes

Myelin

In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes

CNS

In CNS, myelin is formed by _______

Oligodendrocytes

In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes

Myelin

In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes

CNS

Tracks become functional when _______

Myelinated

In CNS, myelin is formed by _______

Oligodendrocytes

In CNS, ________is formed by oligodendrocytes

Myelin

In ______ myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes

CNS

Tracks become functional when _______

Myelinated

________ become functional when myelinated

Tracks