Nervous System

Front 1

The Nervous System has how many parts?

Back 1

Two, the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 2

What is the CNS and what does it do?

Back 2

Composed of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for receiving sensory input from the PNS and formulating responses

Front 3

What is the PNS and what does it do?

Back 3

Composed of nervous structures outside the CNS; nerves and ganglia.
It carries nerve impulses to the CNS and out going information

Front 4

Define Ganglia

Back 4

Nerve cell bodies associated with nerves

Front 5

Define Foramina

Back 5

Small holes in the skull which 12 pairs of cranial nerves (coming from brain/ brain stem) exit the cranial cavity

Front 6

Define Somatic Nervous System

Back 6

Part of the Efferent (Motor) Division of PNS.
Its is mostly under conscious control and carries nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

Front 7

What is the Autonomic Nervous System

Back 7

Part of the Efferent Division of PNS, made up of nerves that transmit impulses to the smooth muscles, cardial muscle, and glands; cannot be consciously controlled

Front 8

The PNS has how many parts?

Back 8

Two.
The Afferent (Sensory) Division and the Efferent (Motor) Division

Front 9

The Efferent Division has how many parts?

Back 9

Two.
The Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System

Front 10

The Autonomic Nervous System has how many parts?

Back 10

Two.
The Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Front 11

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

Back 11

Activated by stressors, such as severe pain, fear, and anger; the "Fight or Flight" response enables the body to stop storing energy and mobilize all resources to respond to the stressful event or activity

Front 12

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

Back 12

Aids in controlling normal functions when the body is relaxed; aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth

Front 13

What does a Dendrite do?

Back 13

Dendrites conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body

Front 14

What does an Axon do?

Back 14

Axons transmit electrical signals away from the cell body

Front 15

Define Synapse

Back 15

The small space that separates neurons from one another

Front 16

Define

Back 16

Fatty substance which cover and insulate the Axon and keeps the electrical current from m

Front 17

Define proprioception

Back 17

The sense of knowing where the body is in relation to its various segments and the external environment

Front 18

Define proprioceptors

Back 18

Receptors located in the skin, in and around the joints and muscles, in the inner ear; these receptors gather sensory information gathered to achieve kinesthetic awareness

Front 19

Define Pacinian Corpuscles

Back 19

Receptors located DEEP within the skin and the joint capsule that are sensitive to pressure

Front 20

Define Meissner's Corpuscles

Back 20

Receptors located in the SUPERFICIAL layers of the skin that are responsive to light touch

Front 21

Define Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles

Back 21

Receptors located within the joint capsule and are responsive to joint compression

Front 22

Define Golgi Tendon Organ

Back 22

GTO is connected to approx 15-20 muscle fibers and located between the muscle belly and its tendon, the GTO senses increased tension within its associated muscle when the muscle contracts or is stretched

Front 23

Define Autogenic Inhibition

Back 23

Autogenic Inhibition is when GTO senses muscle contraction and causes an inhibition of the contraction.

OR it's a sudden relaxation of muscle upon development of high tension.

Front 24

Define Muscle Spindal

Back 24

The Muscle Spindle is located mostly in the muscle belly and lies parallel to the muscle fibers. This arrangement causes the muscle spindle to stretch when the muscle itself experiences a stretch force, thereby exciting the muscle spindle and causing a reflexive contraction in the muscle known as the STRETCH REFLEX

Front 25

Define Reciprocal Inhibition

Back 25

The muscle spindle's reflex contraction of its associated muscle simultaneously causes the antagonist muscle group to relax

OR it's the process of the muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint.

Front 26

Define Static Stretching

Back 26

Static Stretching is low force, long duration static stretches that evoke a temporary increase in muscle tension due to muscle lengthening.

It is a practical application of Autogenic Inhibition

Front 27

Define Propioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Back 27

PNF are low grade muscle contractions (50% of max force) of an antagonist muscle for six to fifteen inhibit or reduce muscle spindle activity within the antagonist muscle.

Practical application of Reciprocal Inhibition