• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/17

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
What structures make up the Central Nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
nerves that connect the brain or spinal cord to the body's muscles, glands, and sense organs
How does a neuron function?
by generating electrical signals that move from one part of the cell to another part of the same cell or neighboring cells
electrical signal will release neurotransmitters
Anatomy of a Neuron
Cell body-contains nucleus and ribosomes; protein synthesis

Dendrites- highly branched growths from the cell body

Axon- or nerve fiber extens from the cell body and carries output to its target cells
Anatomy of an Axon
Axon hillock- or initial segment- where an electrical signal is propogated "trigger zone"

collaterals- branchs on the axon

What is myelin? How is it created?
Myelin is plasma membran wrapped around the axon by a nearby supoporting cell

Created by oligodendrocytes
How does a peripheral axon differ?
Schwann cells form individual myelin sheaths at regular intervals.

The spaces between the sheaths are called the nodes of ranvier
What does an Afferent nerve do?
Carries information toward the central nervous system from receptors at their peripheral endings.

Cell body and long peripheral process of the axon are in the peripheral nervous system; only the short central process of the axon enters the CNS
What does an Efferent neuron do?
Thansmit information out of the CNS to effector cells, particularly muscles, glands, or other neurons
Cell body, dendrites, and a small segment of the ason are in the CNS; most of the axon is in the PNS
What do interneurons do?
Function as integrators and signal changers

Integrate groups of afferent and efferent neurons inot reflex circuits

Lie entirely within the CNS

99% of all neurons
What is a synapse?
the anatomically specialized junction between two neurons where one neuron alters the electrical and chemical activity of another
signal is transmitted from one to another by neurotransmitters
What do neurotransmitters do?
released by the presynaptic neuron and combine with protein receptors on a postsynaptic neuron, transmit information across the synapse
Glial cells
surrond the soma, axon and dendrites of neurons and provide with physical and metabolic support.
Astrocyte
regulate compositon of extracellular fluid-removes K ions and neurotransmittes are synapses
Stimulates the formation of tight junctions between the cells that make up the walls of capillaries found in the CNS
sustain neurons metabilically by providing glucose and removing ammonia

may tak pare in information signaling of the brain
Microgilia
perform immune functions in the CNS
Ependymal
fluid filled cavities with in the brain and spinal cord and regulate the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid
Neural growth and regeneration
Neurons deevelop from stem cells, migrate to their final locations, and send out processes to their target cells.

Cell dividsion to form new neurons and the plasticity to remodle after injury markedly decrease between birth and adulthood
After degeneration of a severed axon, damaged peripheral neruons may regrow the axon to their target organ.