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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Adrenergic Agonists?
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Sympathomimetic
- they mimic the sympathetic nervous system -Fight of Flight |
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What is the reaction of adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetic)?
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-bronchodialation
- vasoconstriction - cardiac stimulant - uterine relaxant -decrease gastric motility |
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Adrenergic Agonists are similar to...?
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Cholinergic Blockers
(parasympatholytic/ anticholinergic) |
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What are cholinergic agonists?
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parasympathomimetic
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What is the reaction of cholinergic agonists (parasympathomimetic)?
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- bronchoconstriction
- vasodilation - slows heart rate - bladder relaxant - reverse muscle relaxants - Tx: myasthenia gravis |
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What are adrenergic blockers?
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sympatholytic (destroy effects)
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What are cholinergic blockers?
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parasympatholytic/anticholinergic
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What do Adrenergic Blockers do?
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- bronchoconstriction
- vasodilation tx: angina HTN |
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What do cholinergic blockers do?
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- presurgical: dry mouth, decrease salivation
- increases heart rate - GI relaxant tx: diarrhea |
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4 side effects r/t cholinergic blockers
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1. blurred vision
2. urinary retention 3. constipation 4. dry mouth |
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Adrenergic Blockers are similar to...?
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Cholinergic Agonists
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Medications used to treat Parkinson's disease.
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Symmetryl
Parlodel Levodopa Carbidopa Levodopa/Carbidopa = Sinemet |
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Symmetryl
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Tx: viral, lessons tremors, slows destruction of dopamine.
Body can build up tolerance, use about 3 mo & start again later. can inc. dose but inc. in side effects Use cautiously w/liver disease, CHF & seizures (may cause seizures) give with food in AM |
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Parlodel
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Stimulates dopamine receptors in basal ganglia
SE: confused, dizzy, depressed, insomnia, GI upset |
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Levodopa
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Crosses blood/brain barrier & turns into dopamine (dopamine does not cross barrier)
SE: N/V, anorexia, orthostatic hypotension |
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Carbidopa
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- Crosses brain/barrier
- Doesn't make dopamine, but dec. breakdown of Levodopa - can use less levodopa & less side effects happen -Has no side effects when used alone |
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Levodopa + Carbidopa = Sinemet
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-strengths for each drug must be ordered (10/100,25/100,25/250)
- less drug, less side effects -in time body gets used to it |
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Side Effects of AntiParkinson's Drugs
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-weakness
-dizzy -light headedness -confusion -disorientation -insomnia (big) |
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Anticholinergic Drugs
(Cogentin, Artane) |
Alters excess amout of acetocholine
SE: confused, dizzy, depressed, insomnia, GI upset -dec. rigidity, dec. sweating, dec. drooling, dec. tremors -one used w/Sinemet |
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Meds used to treat seizures/convulsive disorders.
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-Barbiturates (phenobarbital)
-Benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, clorazepate) -Hydantoin/Dilantin -Sussinimides (zarotin) -Tegretol, Mysoline, valporoic acid/Depakene |
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Barbiturates (phenobarbital)
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CNS depressent, long acting, rarely used alone, not used w/kids anymore
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam/valium, clonazepam/clonapine, clorazepate/tranzene)
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-Depress area of seizure
-never mix IV valium w/anything SE: drowsiness, ataxia |
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Hydantoin/Dilantin
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-Control all types of seizure, except petit mal
-Not given IM -IV push w/NS only, slowly -cardiac monitor for initial dose -give w/food or milk -can raise blood sugar |
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Succinimides (zarotin)
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Petit mal seizures
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Tegretol
(anticonvulsant) |
-Rarely used alone, usually w/another anticonvulsant
-treat trigeminal neuralgia also SE: liver/kidney damage |
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Mysoline
(anticonvulsant) |
Rarely used alone.
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Valporoic Acid/Depakene
(anticonvulsant) |
More commonly used now.
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Anticonvulsant side effects
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sedation, n/v, indigestion, dizziness, HA
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Medications used to treat sleep and sleep disorders.
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-Barbiturates
-Benzodiazepines -Paraldehyde |
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Initial Insomnia
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inability to fall asleep
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Intermittent insomnia
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inability to stay asleep
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Terminal insomnia
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early awakening, can't fall back to sleep
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Sedative
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produces rest & relaxation
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Hypnotic
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produces sleep
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Barbiturates (sleep)
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Can depress activity in the brain of all excitable tissues
SE: dec. REM sleep cycle (not in it as long) |
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Barbiturates sleep Drugs
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Pentothal-ultrashort, 30 secs
Nembutal, Seconal-short Amytal, Butisol-intermediate Phenobarbitol-long acting SE: sedation, lethargy, menal depression, coordination, long acting meds may cause dyscrasias/diseases, monitor CBC |
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Benzodiazepines (sleep)
CNS depressant |
-Ativan -Halcion
-Dalmane -Restoril -Valium -Versed Can cause physical & mental dependency, smoking=inc. metabolism of drug =inc dose=inc SE |
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Paraldehyde (benzodiazepine)
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-Treat DT's
-liguid, disguise taste -use glass container (drug adheres to plastic/foam) |
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Medications used to treat Motion Sickness
(anticholinergic) |
-Dramamine
-Antivert -Vistaril -Scopolamine (patches) Give 30-60 mins before anticipated travel SE: sedation (major), blurred vision, constipation, dec. BP |
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Motion Sickness
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Stimulation of the labyrinth (boney system in middle ear)
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Medications to treat Pain
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Opiate Agonists
-morphine -demerol -methadone |
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Opiate Agonists
(controlled substance) |
Morphine Sulfate or similar action on the brain
-used to relieve acute/chronic, mod/severe pain -may be used preoperative sedation or supplement anesthesia -can cause physical dependence |
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Opiate Agonists
(controlled substance) expected actions. |
Analgesia, suppress cough reflex, respiratory depressants, sedation/drowsiness
SE: drowsiness, sedation, n/v, constipation, urinary retention, physical addiction w/3-6 wks use |
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CNS Depressants have an additive effect causing...
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resp. depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma and/or death
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Trecan (po) antidote
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Narcan (reverses opiate agonists)
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Narcan (inj) antidote
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Naloxone
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Opiate Partial Agonist
(Buprenex, Stadol, Nubain, Talwin) |
most effective for treatment of pain when used w/out prior administration of opiate agonists
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Opiate Partial Agonist
side effects & nursing consideration |
SE: N, dizziness, HA, sedation, clammy skin
NC: If given w/other CNS drugs will have an additive effect causing resp. depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma and/or death |
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Anti-inflammatory Agents
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-Salicylates
-NSAIDS -Cox 2 Enzyme Inhibitors -Acetominophen -Propoxyphene |
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Salicylates
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Aspirin-inhibits the prostaglandin, Dolobid, Disalcid
-aspirin overdose=tinitus -not sedating, long term analgesics, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, midl to moderate pain |
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NSAIDS
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs |
ibuprofen, indocin, naprosyn, anaprox, clinoril, tolectin
-same effects as aspirin |
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Cox 2 Enzyme Inhibitors
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celebrex
-antiinflammatory response |
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Acetominophen
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tylenal, datril
-pain & fever, used w/children -mild-moderate pain -adv. reaction=toxicity to liver |
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Propoxyphene
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Darvan, Darvocet (cet means tylenol in it)
-a synthetic non-opiate analgesic -inc. effect when given with ASA or tylenol SE: GI upset, n/ rash, abd. pain |
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Propoxyphene antidote
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Narcan
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Cerebrospinal Stimulant (caffeine)
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-orally, crosses blood/brain barrier
-inc. resp -inc. HR -hyperacid in stomach |
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Medicaitons used to treat Psychiatric Disorders
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Major Tranquilizers
-phenothiazines - |
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Major Tranquilizers
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AKA neuroleptic agents, antipsychotic drugs
-used to treat severe mental illness (schizophrenia, OBS) |
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Phenothiazines
(thorazine, compazine, mellaril, prolixin, sparine, stelazine, trilafon) |
Used for Dx of psychosis, severe anxiety & restlessness, n/v, hiccups
SE (minor): dyspnea, sedation, EPS, hypotension, rash, blurred vision, dry mouth, n/v/d, anorexia, impotence, amenorrhea, EKG chgs |
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Major SE of Phenothiazines
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laryngospasm, respiratory depression, agranulocytosis, cardiac arrest, tachycardia
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Thioxanthenes
(non-Phenothiazines) |
Taractan, navane
same as Phenothiazines |
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Mild Tranquilizers
antianxiety agents, anxiolytics |
Pathological anxiety, apprehension, chronic irritability, self-doubt issues, chronic nervousness
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Vistaril
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compliment other meds like narcotics, n/v, antihistamine, works well
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Meprobamate, Miltown, Equanil
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mild sedation, help w/anxiety, muscle relaxant, helpful when withdrawling from cigarettes
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