• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/15

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Mylinated Neurons

Depolarization occurs at nodes of Ranvier. Cytoplasm of neuron conducts enough electrical charge to depolarize next node. thus impulse jumps from node to node in a process called salutatory conduction. Schwann cells allow ions to cross membrane only at nodes.

Non-mylinated neurons
Travels as a wave along the whole length of the axon membrane. Slower than salutatory conduction
Diameter of Axon

Greater diameter, the greater the speed.


Small diameter gives a large SA:Volume ratio which causes the amount of ions to leak out of the axon thus making it more difficult for action potential to propagate.

Temperature


Higher temperature means a faster speed of impulse. Temperature affects the rate of diffusion of ions across the axon.
After EPSP

ATC is released from protein receptors, is the broken down by enzyme (Acetylechinease) to chlorine and CH3COOH. They then rapidly diffuse into pre-synaptic membrane and are incorporated into vesicles. ATP is released by mitochondria which combines both products to ATC.

Two types of Synapses

Cholinergic-Aceylchlorine NT


Adrenergic- Adrenaline NT

Spatial Summation

Different Neurons firing simultaneously at one neuron which adds together to surpass threshold.
Temporal Summation

Same neuron which is rapidly firing in a short amount of time to build up impulse to reach threshold
Excitatory Neuron

-Na and K ion channels open


-Na enters faster than K


-Depolarization occurs


-reach's threshold


- EPSP is formed

Inhibitory Synapse

-K and Cl channels open


-K exit and Cl enters


-Membrane becomes more negative


-Hyperpolarization of neuron


- IPSP is formed



Amphetamines

Force a neutral mutter called dopamine out of synaptic vesicles and into the synaptic clefts. This increases effect of dopamine.




Opioids

Block calcium ion channels in the presynaptic membrane so less NT released.

Nerve gases


Stop acetylcholine from being broken down in synaptic clefts. Leads to loss of muscle control

Curare


Blocks the effects of the acetylcholine by blocking nicotinic cholinergic receptors at neuromuscular junctions, so muscle cells can't be stimulated. This results in the muscle being paralysed.

Nicotine

Minimics acetylcholine so binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the brain (Agonist)