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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which countries have the highest incident of Colon cancer?
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USA, Canada
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What do the countries that have the highest incident of colon cancer all have in common?
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They all have a high consumption of meat
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Adenoma of colon?
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Dyplastic polyp
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What are 3 main indicators of progression of the cancer?
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# of polyps, Size of polyps and the histologic feature (villous or tubular)
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Carcinoma's will always arise from what?
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Adenoma's
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Pedunculated adenoma are usually associated with?
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Tubular carcinoma's
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The stalk of pedunculated is usually ______.
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Benign
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villous adenoma are typically...
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Sessile in nature, hard to tell where they start, and bleed easily
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What is the most common polyp found in adults?
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Hyperplastic polyp
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Does Hyperplastic Polyps have a malignancy potential?
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NO
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Where is the most common location for all adult polyps?
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sigmoid colon
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What is the most common polyp in children?
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Juvenile polyps
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Where is the most common site for juvenile polyps?
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Rectum
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What is a common complication of juvenile polyps?
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prolapse out of the rectum and bleed
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What is the most common neoplastic polyp?
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Tubular Adenoma polyp
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tubular polyp typically have a _____
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Stalk
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Villous adenomas usually .....
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do not have a polyp
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Which neoplastic polyps are at the greatest risk for developing colon cancer?
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Villous adenomas
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What do Villous adenoma's secrete?
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Potassium rich mucus
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Familial polyposis is autosomal _____ with 100% penetrance
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dominate
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What gene is inactivated in Familial polyposis?
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APC supressor gene
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When does familial polyposis transform into malignancy?
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35-40 years of age
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What is recommended of someone with familial polyposis?
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Prophylactic colectomy
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What is Gardner's Syndrome?
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Familial Polyposis and benign osteomas
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What is Turcut's Sydrome?
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familial Polyposis and malignant brain tumors
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Left sided colon cancers tend to ....
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Obstruct(colicky pain) and have annular "napkin" like lesions
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Right sided colon cancers tend to ....
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Bleed (fatique and anemic)and have a polyp appearance
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What is the most common place for colon cancer to metastasis to?
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LIVER then lung
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What serum test is used to detect recurrences?
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Serum carcinoembryonic antigen CEA
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What is the 5 year survival rate ?
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35%
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What immuno-stain would tell you that the adenocarcinoma bioposied is colon epithial in orgin
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cytokeratin 20
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familial polyposis + retinal something
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Cogenital hypertrophic retinal pigment epithialium CHRPE
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What are some ways to prevent colon cancer?
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Decrease red meats, increase fibers
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Anal cancer is associated with?
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Poor hygiene and Papilloma virus
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Most common place to see a carcinoid tumor is?
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appendix
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The most common place to see a carcinoid tumor that is producing carcinoid syndrome is?
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Ileum
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What color is a carcinoid tumor?
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Bright Yellow
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What is the common place for a carcinoid tumor to metastasis?
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Liver
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What is released from a carcinoid tumor?
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serotonin
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What is the metabolite of serotonin found in the urine?
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5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
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What are the clinical finding of a carcinoid tumor?
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Flushing, diarrhea, Tricupsid insufficiency, pulmonary stenosis
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