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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which countries have the highest incident of Colon cancer?
USA, Canada
What do the countries that have the highest incident of colon cancer all have in common?
They all have a high consumption of meat
Adenoma of colon?
Dyplastic polyp
What are 3 main indicators of progression of the cancer?
# of polyps, Size of polyps and the histologic feature (villous or tubular)
Carcinoma's will always arise from what?
Adenoma's
Pedunculated adenoma are usually associated with?
Tubular carcinoma's
The stalk of pedunculated is usually ______.
Benign
villous adenoma are typically...
Sessile in nature, hard to tell where they start, and bleed easily
What is the most common polyp found in adults?
Hyperplastic polyp
Does Hyperplastic Polyps have a malignancy potential?
NO
Where is the most common location for all adult polyps?
sigmoid colon
What is the most common polyp in children?
Juvenile polyps
Where is the most common site for juvenile polyps?
Rectum
What is a common complication of juvenile polyps?
prolapse out of the rectum and bleed
What is the most common neoplastic polyp?
Tubular Adenoma polyp
tubular polyp typically have a _____
Stalk
Villous adenomas usually .....
do not have a polyp
Which neoplastic polyps are at the greatest risk for developing colon cancer?
Villous adenomas
What do Villous adenoma's secrete?
Potassium rich mucus
Familial polyposis is autosomal _____ with 100% penetrance
dominate
What gene is inactivated in Familial polyposis?
APC supressor gene
When does familial polyposis transform into malignancy?
35-40 years of age
What is recommended of someone with familial polyposis?
Prophylactic colectomy
What is Gardner's Syndrome?
Familial Polyposis and benign osteomas
What is Turcut's Sydrome?
familial Polyposis and malignant brain tumors
Left sided colon cancers tend to ....
Obstruct(colicky pain) and have annular "napkin" like lesions
Right sided colon cancers tend to ....
Bleed (fatique and anemic)and have a polyp appearance
What is the most common place for colon cancer to metastasis to?
LIVER then lung
What serum test is used to detect recurrences?
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen CEA
What is the 5 year survival rate ?
35%
What immuno-stain would tell you that the adenocarcinoma bioposied is colon epithial in orgin
cytokeratin 20
familial polyposis + retinal something
Cogenital hypertrophic retinal pigment epithialium CHRPE
What are some ways to prevent colon cancer?
Decrease red meats, increase fibers
Anal cancer is associated with?
Poor hygiene and Papilloma virus
Most common place to see a carcinoid tumor is?
appendix
The most common place to see a carcinoid tumor that is producing carcinoid syndrome is?
Ileum
What color is a carcinoid tumor?
Bright Yellow
What is the common place for a carcinoid tumor to metastasis?
Liver
What is released from a carcinoid tumor?
serotonin
What is the metabolite of serotonin found in the urine?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
What are the clinical finding of a carcinoid tumor?
Flushing, diarrhea, Tricupsid insufficiency, pulmonary stenosis