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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when cells increase in number it is called?
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hyperplasia
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what are two enzymes that allow neoplastic cells to invade th ebasement membrane?
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collagenase and hydrolase
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when cells have an increased nulear to cytoplasmic ratio but have not invaded the basement membrane, it is called?
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carcinoma in situ
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squamous _________ occurs in the trachea and bronchi of smokers
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metaplasia
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what is it called when a cell has reversible preneoplastic changes with abnormal shape and size?
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dysplasia
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abnormal cells that lack differentiation are called?
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anaplastic cells
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staging of a tumor takes into account what factors?
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TMN size of tumor, node involvment, metastases
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histolgy of a tumor is used to determine?
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grade
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what has more prognostic value? Grade or stage?
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stage
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TUMOR NOMENCLATURE: the term _________ implies epithelial origin, whereas _________ implies mesenchymal origin
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carcinoma, sarcoma
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TUMOR NOMENCLATURE: a tumor of blood vessels is called what when it is benign? When it is malignant?
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hemangioma, angiosarcoma
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TUMOR NOMENCLATURE: what is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle called?
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rhabdomyoma
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Kaposi's sarcoma and aggressive malignant lymphomas are associated with what disease
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AIDS
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Actinic Keratosis predispose to what disease?
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squamous cell carcinoma of skin
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down syndrome is associated with what neoplasm?
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ALL
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c-myc oncogenes are associated with what neoplasm?
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burkitt's lymphoma
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breast, ovarian, and gastic carcinomas all have this oncogene mutation in common?
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erb B2
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MEN II and III are associated with what oncogenic mutation?
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ret
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Name the associated tumor witht the following tumor supressor gene mutations: Rb, APC, WT1
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retinoma blastoma, colorectal cancer, wilms tumor
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p53 is on what chromosome
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17p
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osteosarcoma is associated with what tumor supressor gene mutation
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Rb
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TRAP is a tumor marker for what neoplasm
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hairy cell leukemia
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what tumor marker is elevated in hyatidiform moles
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beta-HCG
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ovarian tumors are associated with what tumor marker
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CA-125
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the virus associated with burkitts and nasopharyngeal cancer is?
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ebv
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hpv is responsible for what cancers?
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cervical, penile, and anal carcinoma
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what virus is responsible for kaposis sarcoma?
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hhv8
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aflatoxin, vinyl chloride and ccl4 damage what organ?
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liver
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nitrosamines cause cancer in what organs?
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esophagus or stomach
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asbestos causes what types of cancer?
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bronchogenic and mesothelioma
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When the following are obstructed, what can occur: bronchus? Biliary tree? Left colon?
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pneumonia, jaundice, constipation
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tumor mass in the brain can cause the following
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seizure, increased intracranial pressure, mass effect and herniation
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compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause what?
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hoarseness
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