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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the proportion of eye abnormalities in infants with both microcephaly and presumed congenital Zika virus infection? |
About one-third |
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How is microcephaly defined in term newborns? |
A head circumference of 32 mm or less (or less than the third percentile for premies) |
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Name the two most common abnormal eye findings in microcephalic newborns infected with Zika virus. |
1. Pigment mottling of the retina 2. Chorioretinal atrophy |
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What proportion of Zika virus infected newborns have ocular abnormalities WITHOUT microcephaly? |
As of right now (3/30/2016) that is not known. Research has not shown that it is even desirable to screen normocephalic infants born in the epidemic zones for eye findings. |
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Name two manifestations of Zika virus infection in newborns. |
1. Microcephaly 2. Intracranial calcifications |
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When should newborns be tested for Zika virus infection? (2 situations) |
1. Infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications whose mothers had lived or visited an area with virus transmission while pregnant.
2. Infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive Zika test results already. |
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Name 2 mosquito species known to transmit Zika virus. |
1. Aedes aegypti 2. Aedes albopictus |
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Name 3 three other viral illnesses transmitted by the mosquitos spreading Zika virus. |
1. Dengue fever 2. Chikungunya virus 3. Yellow fever |
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What virus family includes Zika virus? |
Flavivirus (RNA) |
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1. Besides the mosquito vector, name 2 other proven mechanisms by which Zika virus transmission has been demonstrated.
2. There is a fourth mechanism that's been considered but not yet proven. Which is it? |
1. Other proven mechanisms: a. Intrauterine transmission
b. Sexual 2. Breastfeeding: the virus has been detected in breast milk |
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Which 2 testing methods are being used to diagnose Zika virus infection? |
1. Molecular: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) seeking viral RNA
2. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) seeking Zika virus antibodies
No commercial tests yet exist, check with CDC first. |
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Which 4 specimen types are best for Zika testing and when should they be obtained? |
1. Cord or infant serum (RT-PCR) within 2 days of birth. Test these for dengue as well. The IgM ELISA for Zika virus and dengue virus can be performed as well.
2. CSF for other studies can also have RT-PCR done, and for IgM ELISA for Zika and Dengue besides.
3. Frozen and fixed placenta obtained at delivery can be tested by RT-PCR
4. Maternal serum can also be tested by IgM ELISA against Zika and Dengue as well. |
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What three preconditions are to be met before mothers (as opposed to newborns) ought to be tested for Zika virus infection? |
1. They have not been tested before for Zika virus during their pregnancy.
2. They must have reported symptoms consistent with Zika virus infection.
3. At the time of the symptoms, they must have been in an area of Zika transmission at the time, or within 2 weeks after leaving. |
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1. What is the most common presentation of Zika virus infections? 2. What's the proportion of people presenting that way? |
1. None whatsoever 2. About 80% |
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Name 4 symptoms seen in grownups and older children sick from Zika virus. |
1. Acute fever 2. Maculopapular rash 3. Mild arthralgia 4. Non purulent conjunctivitis
Any or all of them can be present. |
