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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TORCH?
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toxoplasmosis, other (gonorrhea, rubella), CMV, Herpes, HIV, Histoplasmosis, Syphillis
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What is a term delivery defined as?
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A baby born after 37 weeks
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What does a breech delivery suggest?
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decreased fetal movement
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What all goes into the APGAR score?
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cry, breathing, color, tone, and heart rate
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What is the most important measurement when examing a neonate?
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head circumference
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How can you tell the difference between brief placental insufficiency and long term insufficiency?
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If baby has been sick or w/o nutrients for a long time BOTH brain and body will be smaller.
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Babinski response should be positive until?
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6 months
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Drop baby on back while supporting the head and baby should symmetrically throw their arms and legs up in response.
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Moro reflex
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Put a finger in each of the baby's palms and they should grasp tightly.
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Palmar grasp
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Stroke the baby's face and they will turn their head to the side being stroked.
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Rooting reflex
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Turn the baby's head one way and they will extend their arm on that side and flex the opposite arm.
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Tonic neck (fencing response)
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Hold a baby upright in a standing position and they will make stepping movement.
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Place-stepping reflex
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Focus on face
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2 weeks
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Track w/ eyes
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1 month
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Hold up head
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1-2 months
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Reach out w/ hands.
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3-4 months
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Roll over.
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3-5 months
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Sitting independently.
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6-8 months, 9 months at the lastest. Important milestone.
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Crawl.
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7-11 months
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Walking
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8-16 months.
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Cooing
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1-2 months
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Babbling
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5-8 months
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Purposeful words (ma-ma, da-da)
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1 year
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Identify objects
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15-18 months
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Put two words together.
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24 months
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Why is head ultrasound easier on baby? What is US good for looking for?
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still have open fontanel; good for looking at bleeds or cystic/water lesions
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What is a CT good for?
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spotting bleeds and calcifications
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What are MRIs good for?
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development malformations and hypoxia/ischemia
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What is used as mandatory screening for hearing problems?
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Brainstem evoked potentials
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When is white matter more susceptible to injury?
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2nd half of pregnancy (20-32 weeks)
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Early neuromigration problems with failure of neural tube fusion at top of brain.
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Occipital encephalomeningocele
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Baby has only 4 layers of cortex. "Smooth brain"
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Lissencephaly
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Asymmetrical brain, little bumps or nodules of brain matter that got stuck in migration. Can cause seizures.
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Periventricular heterotopias
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"Half a big head"
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Hemimegalencephaly
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Believed to be a vascular problem caused by a stroke in the MCA. Extra grey matter accumulating in a cleft.
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Schizencephaly
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Grade I IVH
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small amount of blood in ventricle
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Grade II IVH
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blood fills ventricle
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Grade III IVH
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Blood dilates ventricle
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Grade IV IVH
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Blood spreads to brain
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Complication of IVH
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Hydrocephalus -- head enlargement, cranky, smiling, sleepy, irritable, fussy, "sundowning"
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Death of white matter due to hypoxia or ischemia in neonates.
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Periventricular leukomalacia
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When is the grey matter susceptible to injury?
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After 32 weeks
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High bilirubin that can result in brain damage particularly to deep gray structures.
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Kernicterus
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What are some symptoms of kernicterus?
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lethary, high pitched cry, irritability w/ arched back
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How is a neonatal stroke usually identified?
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when child shows hand preference b/f 12 months
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Most common cause of neonatal meningitis.
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Group B strep.
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Combined abnormalties that involve the nervous system, skin, and other organs as well.
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Phakomatoses
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Skin lesions on the face seen in tuberous sclerosis
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adenoma sebaceum
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Multiple hemangiomas, typically in kidney and cerebellum
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Van Hippel-Lindau Disease
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Vascular malformation that involves the face and brain
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Struge-Weber Syndrome
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A herniation of the cerbellar vermis through the formaen magnum. Secondary features include hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele.
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Chiari Type 2 malformation)
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Fourth ventricle is enlarged due to a cyst in the cerebellum associated w/ poor development of inferior cerebellar vermis
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Dandy-Walker Malformatio
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Syringomyelia is lined by _____
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astrocytes
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Hydromyelia is lined by ____
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ependymal cells (swelling of cenral canal in the spinal cord)
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Most common lesion seen in premature babies w/ respiratory distress syndrome
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Interventricular hemorrhage
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Common location of IVH
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subependymal blastema (germinal matrix)
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Swelling beneath skin that occurs during birth.
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caput succedaneum
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Between the galeal aponeurosis and the periosteum.
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subgaleal hematoma
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Between the periosteum and the skull
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cephalohematoma
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