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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bones of the Cranium:
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frontal, occipital, sphenoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal
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Gaps between sutures covered with membranes that are used as acoustic windows are ____.
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fontanels
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What fontanel is used the most?
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the anterior fontanel
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When does the anterior fontanel close?
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b/t a yr and 18 months
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The posterior fontanel closes at ____ months.
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6
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What is the main reason for doing neonatal cranial ultrasound?
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prematurity
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What does TORCH stand for?
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toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalo virus, and herpesynplex
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An initial neonatal ultrasound is within ____ hrs if symptomatic.
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48 hrs
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There is a 6 week scan for ____.
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PVL
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What is PVL?
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periventricularleukomalagia
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To do an axial scan you are on the ____ bone.
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temporal
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What are 4 alternative acoustic windows?
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encephaloceles, myelomeningoceles, cranium, and foramen magna
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By day ____, CNS development begins as the ____ ____.
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17, neural plate
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Grey matter is ____ tissue.
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brain
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White matter is made of ____.
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nerves
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What is the structural functional unit of the brain?
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grey matter
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A membrane covering the neural tubes is the _____.
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mesenchyma
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What are the 3 neural tube layers?
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outer- dura
middle- arachnoid inner- pia |
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The pia mater is adhered to the ____.
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brain
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The lining within the tube's cavity is the ____.
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ependyma
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What is the embryonic cell network?
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germinal matrix
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The germinal matrix is within the ____.
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ependyma
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The ____ ____ is fragile and forms an adult pattern at 3 months.
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germinal matrix
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The evolution of the neural tubes results in what three parts of the brain?
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prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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The central cavity becomes the ____ ____.
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ventricular system
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What 2 parts are included in the prosencephalon?
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telencephalon & diencephalon
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What 2 parts are included in the rhombencephalon?
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metencephalon & myelencephalon
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Masses of grey matter are called the ____ ____.
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basal ganglia
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What is the largest part of the basal ganglia?
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the caudate nucleus
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What structures are included within the basal ganglia?
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caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, claustrum, and thalamus
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Connecting bands of white matter are the ____.
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commissures
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What is the largest commisure?
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corpus callosum
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What is the location of the corpus callosum?
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parallels the CSP
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What are the 5 parts of the lateral ventricles?
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central body, frontal horn, occipital horm, temporal horn, atrium (trigone)
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What is the largest part of the lateral ventricles?
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atrium (trigone)
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What forms the trigone?
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the central body, occipital horn & temporal horn
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Paired egg-shape structures connected in the middle by a bridge of tissue are the ____.
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thalami
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The ____ ____ is included w/in the thalamus.
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massa intermedia
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The massa intermedia runs across/through the ____ ____.
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third ventricle
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What is the choroid plexus insertion site?
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caudothalamic groove
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The germinal matrix is ____ to the caudothalamic groove.
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anterior
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What connects the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle?
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the foramen of monroe
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What structures are included within the mesencephalon (midbrain)?
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aqueduct of sylvius, tectum, and cerebral peduncles
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What connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventrice?
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Aqueduct of sylvius (cerebral aqueduct)
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What connects the midbrain to the hindbrain?
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cerebral peduncles
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The cerebral peduncles are continuous w/ the ____ ____.
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cerebral hemispheres
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The myelencephalon is the ____ ____.
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spinal cord
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The ____ also connects the midbrain to the hindbrain.
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pons
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What 5 structures are located within the rhombencephalon?
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pons, medulla, cerebellum, 4th ventricle and tentorium
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The nerve fibers cross the ____.
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medulla
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The 4th ventricle arises from the ____ ____.
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central cavity
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The 4th ventricle is ____ to the cerebellum.
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anterior
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The ____ separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum and is V-shaped.
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tentorium
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What does the cerebellum consist of?
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the vermis (central lobe) and 2 lateral lobes
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What 3 structures are part of the 4th ventricle?
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aqueduct of sylvius, apperatures of luska, foramen of magendie
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The only openings in the 4th ventricle from the ventricular systems to the rest of the CNS are the:
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apperatures of Luska
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The apperatures of luska are ____ openings from the 4th ventricle.
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lateral
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What does the foramen of magendie do?
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let's CSF out
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The foramen of magendie is a ____ opening from the 4th ventricle.
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midline
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Double parallel echogenic lines on a neonatal US indicate the ____ ____.
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corpus callosum
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Agenesis of the corpus callosum appears as a ____ ____ sign on US.
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bat wing
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T or F. The CSP is not part of the ventricular system- it is just a space.
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TRUE
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T or F. You can't see the 3rd ventricle unless it's dilated.
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TRUE
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The ____ ____ can only be seen w/ a dilated 3rd ventricle.
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massa intermedia
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The ____ ____ ____ has a x-mas tree shape on neonatal US.
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quadrigeminal plate cistern
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Why is the quadrigeminal plate cistern echogenic?
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because it has many vessels
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The quadrigeminal plate cistern is superior to the ____.
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vermis
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what occupies the inferior concavity of the lateral ventricles?
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thalami
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What are included in the paraventricular structures?
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caudate nucleus, caudothalamic groove, and lateral ventricles
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The caudate nucleus is anterior to the ____.
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thalamus
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The caudate nucleus is lateral to the ____ ____.
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frontal horns
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What is the choroid plexus insertion sites?
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the caudothalamic grooves
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The first part of the lateral ventricles to dilate is the ____ ____.
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occipital horn
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A normal occipital horn = ____ mm.
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16 mm
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What is the thickest part of the choroid plexus?
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glomus
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Y-shaped structures where the brain is closing are the ____ ____.
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sylvian (lateral) fissures
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Areas next to the ventricles that aren't seen on US but are related to hydrocephalus are the ____ ____.
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pyramidal tracts
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There is never any choroid plexus in the ____ ____.
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frontal horn
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The most echogenic structure in the normal brain is the ____ ____.
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choroid plexus
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The MCA is located within the ____ ____.
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sylvian fissure
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A shallow groove is the ____ ____.
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singulate sulci
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An anterior structure b/t the frontal horns is the ____.
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CSP
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The tentorium separates these 2 structures?
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cerebellum from the cerebrum
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What are other names for a germinal matrix bleed?
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grade 1 hemorrhage, subepidemal bleed
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This part of the primitive brain gives rise to the 3rd ventricle?
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forebrain- diencephalon
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Name the inner lining of the primitive ventricle?
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eypendema
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What is the covering of the neural tube & what does it become?
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it is the mesenchyma and becomes the dura, arachnoid and pia mater
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Where does the caudate nucleus lie?
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posterior to the thalamus
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The massa intermedia is located here:
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w/in the 3rd ventricle, not routinely seen
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What is a posterior extension of the CSP?
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cavum vergae
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Thickest part of the choroid plexus?
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glomus
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What is the most common place for hemorrhage?
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caudo-thalamic groove
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Where are the singulate sulci found?
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midline, crossing the falx
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