Neolithic Revolution

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Barter

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"The action or system of exchanging goods or services without using money."

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Caste System

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"A division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privilege, profession, occupation, or race."

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City-State

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"A city that with its surrounding territories, forming an independent state."

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Civil Service

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"The permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians."

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Commodities

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"A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee."

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Cultural Diffusion

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"The transmission of elements or features of one culture to another."

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Division of Labor

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"The assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency."

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Dynasty

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"A line of hereditary rulers of a country."

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Institutions

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"A society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose; an established law, practice, or custom."

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Money Economy

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"A system or stage of economic life in which money replaces barter in the exchange of goods."

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Monothesism

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"The doctrine or belief that there is only one God."

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Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

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The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations. The Neolithic Revolution is a major turning point in human history. About 10,000 BCE, humans began to cultivate crops and domesticate certain animals.

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Polytheism

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"The belief in or worship of more than one god."

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Specialization

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A method of production where a worker develops their skills for a particular purpose, job, place, etc.

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Surplus

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"An amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand."

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Writing

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"Letters or characters that serve as visible signs of ideas, words, or symbols."

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Domestication

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"The process whereby a population of living organisms (animals), through selective breeding, are changed to accentuate tame/ working, traits that ultimately benefit the interests of humans."

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Civilization

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"The process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization."

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Empire

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"An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly an emperor or empress."

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Hunter-Gatherer

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"A member of a nomadic people who live chiefly by hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food."

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Nomadic

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"Means anything that involves moving around often. Nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes follow the animals they hunt."

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River Valley

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"An elongated lowland between ranges of mountains, hills, or other uplands, with an extensive area of land drained or irrigated by a river system."

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Silk Road

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"A series of trade routes and cultural transmissions through regions of the Asian continent connecting peoples from China to the Mediterranean Sea."

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Social Class

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"A division of a society based on social and economic status."