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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the three rules of cell theory?
1.) Every living thing is made up of one of more cells
2.) The smallest living organisms are single celled and cells are the functioning units in multicellular organisms
3.) All cells come from pre-existing cells
What did Schleiden do?
Schleiden came up with cell theory around plant cells.
What did Schwann do?
Schwann came up with cell theory around animal cells; nervous system. Was a physiologist.
What did Virchow do?
Virchow was a pathologist, and he came up with cellular reproduction.
What did Hooke do?
Hooke was a naturalist; he came up with cell names.
What did Leeuwenhoek do?
Leeuwenhoek made the first compound microscope, and observed the first microscopic organisms.
What types of cells have cell walls?
Plant cells and bacteria cells both have cell walls; however, they are in different domains, and have many main differences.
What is Endosymbiont Hypothesis, and what three facts support it?
Endosymbiont Hypothesis is the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts came from elsewhere (bacteria). The three facts that support it are:
1.) It has its own DNA
2.) It has a double membrane
3.) It is the same size as bacteria.
What organelles do plant and animal cells have in common?
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes (bound and loose)
What organelles do plant and animal cells have that are different?
Plant Cells:
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplast

Animal Cells
- Centriole
What organelles do Prokaryotic Cells contain?
- Cell Wall
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes (loose, since there is no ER)
- Cell membrane
- Loose DNA (nucleoid)
What organelles do Eukaryotes have that Prokaryotes don't?
- Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Cell Walls (In plants)
- Ribosomes
Explain the Fluid Mosaic Model.
- Proteins move within phospholipid sandwiches
- Phospholipids are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. There is moving and bobbing.
- Two types of proteins: Integral (on the inside) and peripheral (along the outside, of which there are two: cytoplasm side, and external environment side)
Why are cells so small?
Size is needed for them to function; molecules need to get in and out fast.
What is the relationship in cells between surface area the ratio of surface area/volume?
The larger the surface area, the smaller the surface area/volume ratio is.
What is the Surface Area/ Volume Ratio?
3/r
Because Surface Area of Sphere is
4(pi)r

And Volume of Sphere is
4/3(pi)r
What are some characteristics of water?
- It is a dipole: it sticks well to itself and has trouble with neutral or hydrophic molecules
- Even though it is polar, water can diffuse through the phospholipid layer, because it is amphiphilic.
What do I need to add on my iPhone?
- Animal, plant, bacteria cell structures
- Parts of a microscope (Krauss)
- Fluid Mosaic Model
Cell wall
Protects, supports cell. Absent in animals.
Plasma Membrane
Isolates cell contents from environment; regulates movement of materials into and out of cell; communicates with other cells
DNA
Encodes Information needed to construct cell and control cellular activity.
Chromosomes
Contain and control use of DNA
Nucleus
Membrane-bound container for chromosomes. Nucleoid, holding loose DNA, is present in prokaryotes.
Nucleolus
Synthesizes ribosomes; is found int he nucleus. Absent in Pros.
Mitochondria
Produce energy by aerobic metabolism. Absent in Pros.
Chloroplasts
Perform photosynthesis. Absent in Pros and Animals.
Ribosomes
Provide site of protein synthesis. Loose in Pros and bound and loose in Euks.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizes membrane components and lipids. Is absent in Pros.
Golgi Complex
Modifies and packages proteins and lipids; synthesizes carbohydrates. Absent in Pros and present in plants and animals.
Lysosomes
Contain intracellular digestive enzymes. Are absent in pros.
Plastids
Store food, pigments. Abent in Prokaryotes and Animals.
Cytoskeleton
Gives shape and support to cell; positions and moves cell parts
Centrioles
Syntehsize microtubules of cilia and flagella; may produce spindle in animal cells. Absent in Prokaryotes and Plants.
Cilia and Flagella
Move cell through fluid or move fluid past cell surface. Present in prokaryotes and animals but absent in most plants.