Neck Anatomy

Front 1

where is the only complete ring in the trachea?

Back 1

cricoid cartilage

Front 2

what level is the hyoid bone at?

Back 2

c3

Front 3

what level is the thyroid cartilage at?

Back 3

c4

Front 4

what level is the cricoid cartilage at?

Back 4

c6

Front 5

what is the laryngeal prominence formed by?

Back 5

by the thyroid cartilage (of larynx), from 2 plates (laminae)
adam's apple

Front 6

platysma

Back 6

origin: fascia and skin over deltoid and pec major
arises from superficial fascia (imbedded in it)
Inserts: Inferior border of mandible and skin of lower face
nerve: cervical branch of CN VII (facial)
artery: a. submental branch of facial
b. suprasternal branch of suprascapular off thyrocervical trunk
actions: muscle of facial expression

Front 7

SCM

Back 7

origin: a. sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium
b. Cleido = clavicular head, superior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle
Insert: a. lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone
b. lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
nerves: Accessory (CN XI) and ventral ramus of C2/C3
Spinal Nucleus in C1-C6 gray in cord forms accessory,
then C2 ventral ramus joins it and goes to SCM.
artery: suprascapular (off of thyrocervical trunk).
SCM br. of Sup. Thyroid, Occipital and Post. Auricular -
all from Ext. Carotid
actions: a. alone: tilts head to own side

Front 8

congenital torticollis

Back 8

wryneck. contraction of SCM from fibrosis, gets shorter. can be torn during birth

Front 9

what is the course of the external jugular vein?

Back 9

crosses SCM in the superficial fascia, pierces fascia of post triangle and into subclavian

drains most of scalp and face on same side

Front 10

which nerve travels w/ the external jugular vein?

Back 10

great auricular
branches to skin post to ear, ear, lower side of face, neck

Front 11

what are the boundaries of the post tri?

Back 11

ant: SCM post border
post: trap ant border
inf: middle 1/3 clavicle

Front 12

CNXI

Back 12

accessory n
-found in post tri,
-supplies trap and some SCM
-consists of motor and spinal roots:
spinal root from C1-C5 join the cranial root from medulla of
brainstem to form XI
spinal portion supplies the SCM and Trap

Front 13

what are the subdivisions of the post tri?

Back 13

split by omohyoid:
1. Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular Triangle)
bordered by inf edge of inferior belly of omohyoid
clavicle
SCM post border
2. Occipital triangle
bordered by superior edge of inferior belly of omohyoid
trapezius
SCM post border

Front 14

what are the boundaries of the ant tri?

Back 14

anteromedian line of neck
inferior border of body of mandible
anterior border of SCM

Front 15

what are the suprahyoid mm?

Back 15

(4) mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid

Front 16

what are the infrahyoid mm?

Back 16

(4) sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
TOSS

Front 17

mylohyoid

Back 17

thin, flat, form a sling inferior to tongue. feel if push ton forward
o: medial aspect of mandible
i: midline raphe and body of hyoid bone
n: mylohyoid n, br of inferior alveolar off Mandibular
Div of Trigem (V)
act.: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, tongue in swallowing
and speaking

Front 18

geniohyoid

Back 18

superior to mylohyoid, reinforces the floor of mouth
o: mandible
i: body of hyoid
n: ventral ramus of C1 via the Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
act: pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly during swallowing

Front 19

digastric

Back 19

o: Ant: digastric fossa on mandible
Post: mastoid process of temporal bone
i: both insert on tendon in meddle, attached to hyoid by a
fibrous sling that acts as a pulley - lets tendon move
anterior and posterior
n: Ant: mylohyoid n.
Post: facial nerve (VII)
act.: together - raise hyoid during swallowing and
speaking
posterior action - open mouth, depress mandible

Front 20

CN XII

Back 20

hypoglossal - motor
swallowing, speech
geniohyoid

Front 21

CN VII

Back 21

facial - S&M
facial expression, taste from ant 2/3 of ton, glands (not parotid)
post belly digastric, stylohyoid

Front 22

CN V

Back 22

trigeminal - S&M
mastication
branch goes to mylohyoid

Front 23

stylohyoid

Back 23

o: styloid process of temporal bone
i: body of hyoid bone
n. Branch of VII (Facial)
act.: raises hyoid during swallowing

Front 24

strap muscles

Back 24

the infrahyoid mm. ribbon-like

(sternohyoid, omonyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid)

Front 25

sternohyoid

Back 25

superficial
o: sternal end of clavicle/manubrium
i: body of hyoid
n: C1-C3 from cervical plexus - ansa cervicalis
act: depresses hyoid after it is raised during swallowing

Front 26

omohyoid

Back 26

o: Inf. Belly - superior border of scapula near
suprascapular notch
Sup. Belly - Intermediate tendon
i: Inf. Belly - Intermediate tendon
Sup. Belly - hyoid body
n: C1-C3 via the ansa cervicalis
act.: depresses hyoid bone

Front 27

sternothyroid

Back 27

deep to sternohyoid, thin muscle
o: Post. surface of manubrium
i: side of thyroid cartilage
n: C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
act. pulls larynx inferiorly

Front 28

thyrohyoid

Back 28

superior continuation of Sternothyroid Muscle
o: Thyroid cartilage - oblique line on side
i: body of hyoid
n. not ansa - C1 ventral ramus via the Hypoglossal Nerve
act: elevates the larynx in swallowing

Front 29

the ___ separates the ___ gland into internal and external components

Back 29

mylohyoid, submandibular

Front 30

what are the division of the ant tri?

Back 30

(4) submandibular, submental

carotid, muscular

Front 31

submandibular tri

Back 31

(part of ant tri) ('DIGASTRIC tri')
borders: inf border of mandible, 2 bellies of digastric
Contents: submandibular gl, submandibular duct, CN XII (and part of c1), sylohyoid m (attached to post belly of digastric)

Front 32

carotid tri

Back 32

borders: SCM (ant edge), sup belly omohyoid, post belly digastric
contents: common carotid a and division into int/ext carotid, branches of ext carotid a, carotid sinus, carotid body,
hypoglossal n
carotid sheath

Front 33

what is contained in the carotid sheath?

Back 33

common and internal carotid a
vagus nerve (X)
internal jugular vein

ansa lies on top of sheath

Front 34

what does the carotid sinus do?

Back 34

responds to change in art pressure
is at origin of int carotid

(blocking -> syncope)

Front 35

what does the carotid body do?

Back 35

chemoreceptor (inc CO2 or dec O2)
at bifurcation

Front 36

what are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 36

superior Thyroid - supplies thyroid
lingual - becomes deep lingual art in head
facial - around ramus of mandible
ascending pharyngeal - comes off posterior, supplies pharynx, prevertebral mm, middle ear and meninges
occipital - to post part of scalp

no branches of inf carotid in neck

Front 37

what is the relation of the vagus in the carotid sheath?

Back 37

vagus is btwn and post to carotid and jug

Front 38

muscular triangle

Back 38

Boundaries: superior belly of Omohyoid Muscle
Anterior SCM
Midline of neck
Contents:
Infrahyoid muscles
thyroid gland
STRAP MUSCLES ARE IM MUSCULAR tri

Front 39

submental triangle

Back 39

Unpaired
Boundaries:
Hyoid Bone inferiorly
Left and Right Anterior Bellies of Digastric m. laterally
Floor: - Mylohyoid Muscles
Contents:
Submental lymph nodes
receive lymph from tip of tongue, floor of mouth
Small veins that join to form Anterior Jugular Vein.

Front 40

which is more anterior: external carotid a, internal carotid a?

Back 40

ext

Front 41

which is more ant: carotid a, jugual v?

Back 41

carotid

Front 42

which side is the brachiocephalic trunk located off aorta?

Back 42

R

Front 43

which side is the common carotid located off aorta?

Back 43

L

Front 44

which side is the subclavian located off aort?

Back 44

L

Front 45

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 45

inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular

Front 46

where does the ant jugular drain?

Back 46

ext jug v

Front 47

where does the ext jugular drain?

Back 47

subclavian v

Front 48

what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Back 48

subclavian a
loops upward bwn esophagus and trachea to larynx

Front 49

what does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Back 49

arch of aorta

Front 50

what is the course of the vagus?

Back 50

goes down carotid sheath post to the blood vessels
goes ant to 1st part of subclavian art (med to ant scal)
R recurrent loops around subclavian and back up btwn esophagus and trachea to larynx

branches in neck: pharyngeal, laryngeal (gives rise to carotid body) and cardiac branches.

Front 51

where is the sympathetic chain located?

Back 51

in fascia of post carotid sheath at level of 1st rib

Front 52

what supplies the thyroid w/ blood?

Back 52

superior thyroid a: 1st branch of Ext. Carotid Art.


inf thyroid a: 1st branch of Thyrocervical trunk off subclavian art.

Front 53

what veins go from thyroid gland?

Back 53

Superior thyroid Vein - drains superior into Int. Jugular V.
Middle thyroid Vein - drains lateral into int. jugular v.
Inferior thyroid vein - drains inferior into brachiocephalic v.

Front 54

parathyroid glands

Back 54

2 on each side, under fascia of thyroid
have their own capsule
supplied by inf or sp thyroid aa
drained by thyroid venous plexus

Front 55

what is location of esophagus?

Back 55

betwen trachea and ant long lig of vert col
recurrent laryngeal nn ascend btwn the trachea and esophagus
in contact w/ cervical pleura on R
on L, thoracic duct betwen esophagus and pleura

Front 56

what are the fascial planes?

Back 56

(4)
enveloping fascia, prevertebral fascia, carotid sheath, pretracheal fascia

Front 57

enveloping fascia

Back 57

(superficial layer of the deep fascia)
encircles neck (encircles SCM and trap), encloses all structures except platysma (in superf. fascia)

Front 58

prevertebral fascia

Back 58

surrounds vertebral m. (post neck(
transverse extension from one enveloping layer to another.
Anterior to the prevertebral muscles
separates neck into areas post to prevertebral fascia
and ant to prevertebral fascia

Front 59

pretracheal fascia

Back 59

Anterior part of the neck
surrounds the thyroid, esophagus and trachea
blends with the carotid sheath laterally

holds thyroid to trachea, holds parathyroid