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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal arteral pH
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7.35 - 7.45
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Normal venous pH
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7.31 - 7.41
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Normal CO2
(carbon dioxide) |
35 - 45
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Normal HCO3
(sodium bicarbonate) |
22 - 26
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Normal pO2
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80 - 100
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Normal SaO2
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90 - 100%
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HCO3 is:
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a base to help buffer acid.
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pCo2 is:
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an acid along with hydrogen
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Hydrogen is an:
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acid
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Hydrogen exchanges with:
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potassium in the cell
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When the client becomes acidotic, some of the hydrogen moves:
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into the cell and pushes the potassium out
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when the client becomes alkolotic or begins to compensate for acidosis:
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the hydrogen will move out of the cell and potassium will move back into the cell
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Lungs act quickly by:
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compensating with changing the CO2 levels
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The kidneys act slowly by:
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usually 2 - 3 days before they compensate by changing the HCO3 levels
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Quick and dirty rule:
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when the pH and Bicarb are both in the same direction: it is METABOLIC
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R-O-M-E
rule: |
R = respiratory pH up PCO2 down = Respiratory alkalosis
O = Oppositve pH down PCO2 Up = Respiratory acidosis M = Metabolic pH up and HCO3 up = Metabolic alkalosis E = Equal pH down HCO3 down = Metabolic acidosis |
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Respiratory Acidosis is:
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an increase in arterial carbon dioxide
pH down PCO2 up |
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Clinical manifestation of Respiratory Acidosis:
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Inc. heart rate
inc. respirs inc. b/p inc. K+ Dec. LOC and disorientation Dec. strength Headache |
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Causes of Respiratory Acidosis:
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Under ventilating
Atalectasis Pneumonia Fractured ribs COPD |
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Respiratory Alkalosis is:
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a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide:
pH is up and PCO2 is down |
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Respiratory Alkalosis is:
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a decrease in arterial carbon dioxide:
pH is up and PCO2 is down |
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Clinical manifestations of Respiratory Alkalosis:
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Inc. respirs
Inc. b/p Dec. potassium Seizures Confusion Lightheadedness Tingling of mouth and extremeties |
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Clinical manifestations of Respiratory Alkalosis:
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Inc. respirs
Inc. b/p Dec. potassium Seizures Confusion Lightheadedness Tingling of mouth and extremeties |
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Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis:
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Acute issues:
anxiety pain poisoning fever initial stage of pulmomary embolism hypoxia pregnancy high altitudes |
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Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis:
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Acute issues:
anxiety pain poisoning fever initial stage of pulmomary embolism hypoxia pregnancy high altitudes |
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Treatment of Alkalosis:
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treat the cause
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Treatment of Alkalosis:
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treat the cause
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Metabolic Acidosis is increases production of:
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H+ by the body or the inability to form bi-carb (HCO3) in the kidneys
pH down, HCO3 down PCO2 down |
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Metabolic Acidosis is increases production of:
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H+ by the body or the inability to form bi-carb (HCO3) in the kidneys
pH down, HCO3 down PCO2 down |
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Clinical manifestations of Metabolic Acidosis:
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Inc. respiratory rate: Kussmaul's
Inc. potassium Dec. LOC and disorientation Headache |
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Causes of Metabolic Acidosis:
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Infection
Diarrhea Renal failure Diabetes Late Shock |
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Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis:
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treat the cause. May need to give bi-carb in some situations
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Metabolic Alkalosis is:
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a decrease in hydrogen ions leading to an increased bicarbonate level
pH up, HCO3 up, PCO2 up |
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Clinical Manifestations of metabolic alkalosis:
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dec. respiratory rate
dec. potassium Nausea and vomitting restless followed by lethargy confusion dysrhythmias |
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Causes of Metabolic alkalosis:
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prolonged gastric vomiting
gastric suctioning antacids potassium wasting diuretics |
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Treatment for Metabolic Alkalosis:
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treat the cause
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When a client is acidotic and hypoxic, priority is:
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intubate and put on ventilator
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