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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autonomic nervous system controls....
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automatic body functions such as breathing and heartbeat......
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Autonomic NS divided into ...
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Sympathetic--fight of flight
parasympathetic-- normal body functioning |
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Sympathetic--
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fight of flight
increase hr and bp increased resp decreases peristalsis secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine dilates pulmonary bronchioles |
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parasympathetic
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maintains normal body functioning
normalizes heart rate and bp normalizes respiratory rate increases peristalsis secretes acetylcholine contricts pulmonary bronchioles |
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Brain-frontal lobe
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broca's area, aids in formulation of words
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Temporal lobe
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Wernicke's area-- interpretation of language
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cerebellum
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coordination of muscle group
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Cranial nerve I
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olfactory- smell
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Cranial nerve I
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optic- vision
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Cranial nerve III
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oculomotor-- eye movement
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Cranial nerve IV
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Trochlear - eye movement
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Cranial nerve V
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Trigeminal- chewing, facial movement
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Cranial Nerve VI
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Abducent- eye movement
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Cranial nerve VII
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Facial- taste, facial movement
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Cranial Nerve VIII
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Vestibulocochlear- hearing, balance
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CN IX
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glossopharyngeal- taste swallowing
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CN X
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Vagus- pharynx, respiratory, cardiac and circulatory reflexes
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CN XI
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spinal accessory- shoulders, head movement
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CN XII
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Hypoglossal- tongue movement
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these three cranial nerves control eye movement
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III, IV, VI
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Glascow coma scale measures these three aspects
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eye opening (4)
motor response (6) Verbal response (5) <3 indicates severe neurological impairment |
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Decorticate positioning
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arms turned in and up, towards the core
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Decerebrate positioning
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rigid extension, arms extended, foreearms pronated , wrists and fingers flexed
Usually associated with a worse outcome |
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Albumin levels (low and high) indicate
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Low albumin levels can suggest liver disease. Other liver enzyme tests are ordered to determine exactly which type of liver disease.
Low albumin levels can reflect diseases in which the kidneys cannot prevent albumin from leaking from the blood into the urine and being lost. In this case, the amount of albumin (or protein) in the urine also may be measured (see microalbumin). Low albumin levels can also be seen in inflammation, shock, and malnutrition. Low albumin levels may also suggest conditions in which your body does not properly absorb and digest protein (like Crohn’s disease or sprue) or in which large volumes of protein are lost from the intestines. High albumin levels usually reflect dehydration. norm 3.5-5.0 ( |
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Agnosia
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inability to recognize common objects
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Apraxia
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inability to perform skilled motor task
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aphasia
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inability to communicate (expressive or receptive)
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Rombergs test
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pt stands erect with feet together,eyes open. The close eyes. If unable to maintain balance with eyes closed this is rombergs sign
indication of cerebellar damage |
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Babinski's reflex
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sole of foot is stroked from heel to ball. Toes should curl downward.
If toes fan upward (after age two)= abnormal= brain stem or spinal cord involvement |
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Seizure meds-
Dilantin |
most common,
only administered in normal saline levels are monitored to titrate dosage therapeutic levels are 10-20 mcg/ml |
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Seizure meds-
Phenobarbital |
barbituate used to control seizures
main effects and side effects are on the CNS |
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Tegretol
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control seizures that have not responded to other anticonvulsants
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ICP- typical presentation
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altered LOC
bradycardia altered resps projectile vomiting |
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ICP- nursing intervention
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maintain patent airway (suction 15 seconds or less)
HOB 30 degrees avoid vasovagal stimulation maintin neck in neutral position to promote venous drainage maintain quiet environment prevent valsalva by ensuring regular bowel routine maintain fluid balance- possibly diuretics implement seizure precautions |
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menigitis assessment findings
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headache
photophobia fever and chills lethargy confusion, malaise, irritability, vomiting nuchal rigidity kernigs sign brudzinskis sign |
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kernigs sign
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lower leg cannot extend because of pain and spasm when a client lying supine with one leg bent
indication of menigitis |
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brudzinskis sign
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clients hips and knees flex when lying supine with head lifted toward chest
indication of meningitis |
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Parkison's disease is...
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progressive degenerative disorder caused by dopamine depletion and results in a generalized decline in muscular functioning
tremor at rest rigidity slow movement shuffling gait mask like face emotional lability autonomic symptoms: drooling, sweating constipation |
