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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Addisons |
⬇aldosterone
diuresis = ⬆K fludrocortisone => weight gain |
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Cushings
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too many steriods
⬆aldosterone retain Na/H₂O ▶ ⬇K ▶ hypoglycemia ► ⬇Ca |
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ADH
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retain H₂O
pituitary vasopressin Not enough = DI |
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Lasix and -thiazide
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diuretic
HTN, peripheral edema |
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Ca/Mg
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think muscles first
both act as sedatives |
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when Ca⬇PTH secreted➤pulls Ca from bone➔serum Ca⬆
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hyperparathyoidism = ⬆PTH ➤ ⬆Ca = sedated
hypoparathyroidism = ⬇PTH ➤ ⬇Ca = ∅ sedated |
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Hyponatremia
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HA, seizure, coma
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Parkland
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1st 8 = 1/2 vol
2nd 8 = 1/4 vol 3rd 8 = 1/4 vol |
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Silver
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for burns
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Mycin adverse affects?
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ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity |
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chemo side effects
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alopecia
n/v mucositis (mouth sores) immunosuppression anemia |
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endometrial cancer
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uterine cancer
D&C |
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TAH
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total abd hysterectomy
uterus and cervix only! b/l oophorectomy = ovaries b/l salpingectomy = tubes |
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orange peel
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breast cancer
tail of spence 48% cancers |
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pernicious anemia
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⬇B₁₂ due to lack of intrinsic factor ► can't make RBC's = anemea
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Graves Disease
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Hyperthyroid
Too much energy! Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) |
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Myxedema
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Hypothyroid
At birth it's called cretinism |
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pheochromacytoma
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tumors adrenals = ⬆epi/norepi
VMA (vanillylmandelic acid) test for ⬆catacholamines |
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⬆ACTH
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= ⬆cortisol = too many steriods = hypercortisolism
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Predisone, Solu-Medrol
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immunosuppressed (⬆risk infection)
mood changes hyperglycemic |
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Kussmaul's Breathing
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hyperventilation
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hyperglycemia
"hot and dry, sugar high |
3 P's
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia kaussmals, ⬇LOC |
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hypoglycemia
"cold and clammy need some candy" |
cold, clammy
confused, nausea ⬆pulse |
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preload
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blood return to heart
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afterload
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pressure in aorta LV has to pump against
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CO
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HR x SV
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Nitroglycerin
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keep in dark glass bottle
dry, cool renew q3-5 months pt will get HA. ∅ call Dr. |
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-lol
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beta blockers
⬇HR and BP could worsen CHF ∅ asthmatics or diabetics |
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-pine
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calcium channel blocker
⬇BP dilate coronary arteries |
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MI
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⬆WBC, ⬆Temp = inflammation
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-ase
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fibrinolytics
desolve clot side: hemorrhage |
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pacemaker loss of capture
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after pace nothing happens
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left side HF
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think lungs
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right side HF
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think body
fluid retention think heart |
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allen's test
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test for alternative circulation
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digoxin / lenoxin
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.5 - 2
tox = anorexia, n/v, vision changes (yellow halos) ⬇K + dig = toxicity digibind = digoxin immune fab |
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ARB's
-sartan |
angiotensin receptor blockers
⬆K, renal dysfunction |
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-pril
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angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor
⬆K, orthostatic HTN, persistent dry cough |
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PE
pulmonary edema |
left side failure
restlessness = hypoxia pink frothy sputum |
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cardiac tamponade
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heart sounds muffled
neck veins distended ⬆CVP, ⬇BP |
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"elevate veins, dangle arteries"
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arteries
intermittent claudication |
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buerger's disease
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arterial
men legs / feet |
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raynaud's disease
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arterial
female fingers |
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LIthium
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lithium: .6 - 1.2
ETOH outpatient detox tox: hand tremors, n/v, slurred speech, unsteady gait 2 - 2.5 = life threatening |
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Statin Side Effects
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muscle pain
flushing confusion ⬆sugar |
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-vir-
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antivirals
HIV diarrhea, n/v |
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-lam, -pam
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benzodiazepines
side: sedation |
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-sone
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steriods
⬇immune response risk of infection |
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-terol
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bronchodilators
restless, nervous, tremors emergency = albuterol, atrovent |
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vancomycin
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10 - 20
trough = 30 min before, peak = 60 min after side: anorexia, dizziness, tinnitis |
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dilantin
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anti-seizure
tox: 10-20 nystagmus (invol eye movement), dyplopia (double vision) |
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nsaids
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ibuprofen, toradol. anaprox
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blood typing
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Rh+ to RH− = rxn
RH− to Rh+ is safe if ABO compatibility. O− = universal donor. AB receive both A & B blood types, if Rh compatible. If mother RH- and father RH+ mother gets RhoGHAM |
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rapid insulin
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logs roll rapidly
Onset: 5-15 Peak: 30-90 Take w/i 15 minutes before a meal |
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regular insulin
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Lynn is a regular girl
Onset: 30 - 60 Peak: 2-4 can go IV 30 minutes before meal clear |
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intermediate insulin
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N for Intermediate: NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N
Onset: 2 Peak: 6-8 cloudy given 1 - 2 times per day |
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long acting insulin
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Lantus, Levemir
Onset: 2-4 hours Peak: none |
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glomerulonephritis
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glomerulus = filtering
nepho = kidney itis = inflammation main cause strep |
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nephrotic syndrome
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proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia anasarca (generalized edema) hyperlipidemia |
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erythropoietin
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comes from kidneys so renal failure can cause anemia
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peritonitis
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rigid board like ab
cloudy effluent from peritoneal dialysis rebound |
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liver probs
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bleeding #1 concern
ammonia acts as sedative ==> ⬇LOC GI bleed? Portal HTN = esophageal varices |
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take antacids
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when stomach empty
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Asterixis
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liver flap
tremor of hand when wrist extended |
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aldactone
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K sparing
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water seal chamber
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intermittent bubbling (coughing/sneezing)
continuous bubbling = leak slight rise and fall = tidaling tidaling stops when lung re-inflated or kink/clot in tubing |
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suction control chamber
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slow gentle continuous bubbling
∅ vigorous |
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hepatitis
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Hep-A: fecal/oral---->vaccine
Hep-B: blood/body fluids---->vaccine Hep-C: blood/body fluids--needle sharing Hep-D: hep-B first |
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Resp Acidosis
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hypoventilating, HA, confusion, sleepy
Give O₂, fix breathing, turn cough deep breathe |
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Resp Alkalosis
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hyperventilating, lightheaded, numbness/tingling
breathe brown bag |
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Metabolic Acid.
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muscle twitch, weak, paralysis, ⬆K
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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muscle cramping, arrhythmias, ⬇K
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