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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the signs of an atropine overdose?
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-Atropine is and anticholinergic, antispasmodic, antidysrhythmic
<>Signs of overdose are: Hot as a Hare (Increased temp) Mad as a Hatter (confusion, delirium) Red as a Beet (Flushed face) Dry as a bone (Decrased secretions, thirsty) |
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What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?
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<>It is an anticholinergic, antispasmodic and antidysrhythmic which works by:
-Inhibiting the action of acetylchline. Primary effects are on the heart, exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and eye. |
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What are the uses for Atropine?
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-Anitdysrhythmic--increases heart rate
-Preoperative--decreases secretions, prevents bradycardia -Relaxes smooth muscles--bronchi, bladder, GI tract |
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What are the side effects of atropine?
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Dry mouth, tachycardia, blurred vision, urinary hesitancy.
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What are the important nursing implications to know when giving atropine?
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-Evaluate frequently for urinary retention, especially in elderly men with prostate problems
-Do not administer if client has tachycardia. |
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What type of drug is Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?
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Urinary Tract analgesic. It works by exerting topical analgesic effect on the urinary tract mucosa.
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When is Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) used?
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-Relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency resulting from lower urinary tract mucosa irritation.
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What are the side effect of Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?
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Bright orange colored urine.
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What is important teaching instructions for a patient on Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?
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-Teach client how to avoid upper urinary tract infections.
-Take with meals -Explain discoloration of urine (reddish orange). -The drug may discolor contact lenses and stain underwear. |
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What is important nursing implications for Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?
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Do not crush, break, or chew tablet.
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What is the use for Potassium Chloride?
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Potassium deficiency. (Potassium deficiency or excess can cause deadly heart problems)
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What is the mechanism of action of Potassium Chloride?
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It is necessary for nerve impulse conduction; maintains electrical excitability of the heart and assists to regulate acid base balance.
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What are the side effects of Potassium Chloride?
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-Gastrointestinal discomfort--n/v
-Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort -Hypoerkalemia--can lead to ventricular tachycardia. |
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What are important nursing implications for administering Potassium Chloride?
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-Monitor serum potassium (3.5-5.5 mEq/L normal value)
-Watch for signs of renal insufficiency (increased creatinine, increased blood urea nitrogen) -IV potassium must ALWAYS be diluted before administering. NEVER ADMINISTER POTASSIUM IV PUSH!!! |
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What are the signs of salicylate poisoning?
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Initial symptoms: Tinnitus, sweating, headache and dizziness
Toxicity: Hyperthermia, sweating, and dehydration; respiratory depression, resulting in respiratory acidosis, stupor and coma Severe toxicity: Metabolic acidosis, seizures |
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What is the treatment of salicylate poisoning?
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-Gastric lavage with activated charcoal
-Oxygen or ventilation assistance as necessary -Treat for hyperthermia (external cool down, tepid water sponge bath), dehydration (intravenous hydration, balance pH and electrolytes), and reverse acidosis (slow infusion of bicarbonate) -Dialysis if necessary |
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What are the important teaching points for patients taking salicylate (aspirin) to avoid poisoning?
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-Teach parents safe medication storage
-Teach parents not to administer aspirin to children who are suspected of having a viral infection, especially chicken pox or influenza -If child complains of any tinnitus, aspirin should be discontinued; parents should have child evaluation --Pretty sure children should not take aspirin at all?? |
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What should a nurse do when evaluating a patient with salicylate toxicity?
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Monitor respiratory status, blood gases and for progression of symptoms.
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What is the toxic level of Salicylate for a 30lb child?
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12 adult aspirin (325 mg) or 48 baby aspirin (81 mg)
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What is the therapeutic and toxic level of Lithium?
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Therapeutic: 0.8 to 1.4 mEq/L
Toxic: 2.0 mEq/L |
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What is the toxic level of Digoxin?
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2.0 ng/ml
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What is the toxic level of Theophylline?
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20 mcg/ml
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When should Lithium levels be drawn?
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Drawn in the morning, 12 hours after the evening dose.
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What is the most common cause of Lithium toxicity?
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Sodium depletion causes lithium retention.
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What are the side effects of lithium at therapeutic levels?
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fine hand tremors, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, headache, polyuria, and thirst
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What are the effects of lithium toxicity?
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1.5-2.0: persistent GI problems (vomiting, diarrhea), course remors, hyperirritability, poor coordination
Above 2.0 mEq/L: ataxia, high output of dilute urine, ECG changes, tinnitus, blurred vision, severe hypotension, symptoms may progress to coma and death. |
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What is the optimal level of Digoxin? And what is the most common predisposing factor to toxicity?
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0.5 to 0.8 ng/ml
Hypokalemia is the most common predisposing factor causing toxicity. |
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What are the S/S of digoxin toxicity
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Anorexia, N/V, fatigue, DYSRHYTHMIAS.
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What is the optimal level of Theophylline?
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5 to 15 mcg/ml
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What are the S?S of theophylline toxicity?
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Too rapid intravenous infusion may cause hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation
-Severe dysrhythmias and seizures. |
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Why does Grapefruit juice effect the potency of many medications?
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The juice inhibits intestinal enzymes and decreases drug metabolism.
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When a patient is on what medications should they avoid drinking grapefruit juice?
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-Calcium Channel Blockers (Felopdipine [Plendil], Nifedipine [Procardia], Amolodipine [Norvasc], Verapamil [Calan])
-Other drugs: >Carbamazepine (Tegratol) >Buspirone (Buspar) >Lovastatin (Mevacor) >Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) >Saquinavir (Invirase) -Benzodiazepines (Halcion, Valium) |
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What is the action of Lidocaine when being used as an emergency drug?
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Slows conduction, reduces automaticity and increases repolarization of cardiac cycle.
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What is the use of Lidocaine as an emergency drug?
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IV preparation only for ventricular dysrhythmias (frequent premature ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardia)
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What is the use of Epinephrine (Adrenalin) as an emergency drug?
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Bronchodilation in clients with acute asthma; treatment of hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reactions, cardiac arrests, produces mydriasis for opthalmologic procedures.
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What is the mechanism of action of epinephrine as an emergency medication?
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Vasoconstirction, increases heart rate and blood pressure, bronchodilator. Treatment of choice for anaphylacitic reactions.
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What is the action of Atropine as an emergency drug?
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Selectively blocks cholinergic receptors; increases heart rate in bradycardia; decreases secretions.
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What is the uses of atropine as an emergency drug?
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Symptomatic bradycardia, decreases respiratory secretions, reverses effects of anticholinesterase medications.
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What is the use of Naloxone (Narcan) as an emergency drug?
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+Narcotic (opioid) antagonist
-Reversal of overdose by opioid analgesics (morphine, demerol, oxytocin); opioid-induced respiratory depression; may be used in neonates to counteract or treat effects from narcotics given to mother during labor. |
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What is the mechanism of action of Naloxone (Narcon) as an emergency drug?
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Blocks narcotic effects; reverses opiate-induced sleep or dedication; increases respiratory rate and blood pressure.
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What are the adverse reactions of cytotoxic anticancer drugs?
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Bone marrow suppression, N/V, Anorexia, GI disturbances, Alopecia,
-It is important Avoid pregnancy |
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What is important about handing and administration of cytotoxic anticancer drugs?
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Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes and mucous membranes when involved in the administration of the medication.
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What are the various types of Cytotoxic anticancer drugs?
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Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors, platinum compounds, topoisomerase inhibitors.
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What are common side effects for oral calcium supplements?
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GI disturbances (N/V, constipation)
-Renal dysfunction (polyuria, stonres) -CNS effects (lethargy, depression) |
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What are important nursing implications when administering calcium supplements?
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-Encourage fluids with medications
-Increase fiber-containing foods to decrease constipation. -Encourage client to check with health care provider regarding calcium and cardiac medications. |
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What type of medication is Timolol (Timoptic)?
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Beta-adrenergic blocker used for open-angle and aphakic glaucoma. (usually in a gel or drops form)
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What is the mechanism of action of Timolol (Timoptic)?
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Most commonly used as ophthamlmic gel or drops to reduce production of aqueous humor to promote a decrease in intraocular pressure. When systemically absorbed, also causes blockade of beta-receptors producing effects on the heart and lungs.
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What are important patient teaching points for a client taking Timolol (Timoptic)?
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-Teach how to correctly administer eye drops
-Teach client to apply slight pressure at the inner canthus for one minute after instillation. This will help decrease the systemic absorption of the medicaiton. -Client taking Timolol should not administer any OTC nasal decongestants or cold preparations. |
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What are important nursing implications when caring for a client taking Timolol (Timoptic)?
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Assess client for systemic absorption of medication (bradycardia, hypotension)
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What side effects should be watched for in a patient taking TImolol (Timoptic)?
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Watch for: rash, dizziness, headache, ocular irritation
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What type of medication is Naphazoline hydrochloride?
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They are Topical vasoconstrictors, sympathomimetic (decongestant).
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What are the uses of Naphazoline hydrochloride?
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Topical Vasoconstrictor.
Used For: Ophthalmic: relief of itching, congestion and minor irritations. Intranasal: relief of nasal congestion as a result of common cold, acute or chronic rhinitis, hay fever, or allergies |
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What are the common side effects of Naphazoline?
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Burning, stinging, and dry nasal passages.
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What are the important nursing implications for a patient taking Naphazoline Hydrochloride?
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-Too frequent use of topical agents may result in the rebound effect.
-Watch for pupil dilation, intraocular pressure, and rebound redness of the eyes. |
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What are important patient teaching points for a patient taking Naphazoline Hydrochloride?
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-Instruct the client to use caution with activities that require visual acuity.
-Do not use formore than 3 days without a health care provider's direction. -Caustion clients with hypertension to avoid use of OTC decongestants. |
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What are the two types of medications that effect the amount Pyridoxine (B6) vitamins and what are the used for?
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-Isoniazid (INH)--increases the B6. Antituberculin Agent
-Levodopa: Lowers the B6. Antiparkinsonism. |
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What are the important patient teaching points for a client taking medications that affect the amount of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6).
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-Clients taking Isoniazid (INH) need an increased intake of Vitamin B6 to prevent deficiency.
-Clients taking levodopa need a decreased intake of vitamin B6 which reverses the effects of the levodopa. =Teach client about dietary sources: meats and fish, especially organ meats; heavily fortified cereals and soy-based products. |
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What are important nursing implications for a client taking medications that affect the amount of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?
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-Perform neurologic checks in the client with vitamin B6 issues.
-Deficiency most often occurs in combinations with deficiency of other B vitamins in alcoholic clients. |
