Nclex: Lab Values

Front 1

Calcium

Back 1

8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL

Front 2

Magnesium

Back 2

1.6-2.6 mg/dL

Front 3

Potassium

Back 3

3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L

Front 4

Phosphorus

Back 4

2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL

Front 5

Sodium

Back 5

135-145 mEq/L

Front 6

Chloride

Back 6

98-107 mEq/L

Front 7

Venous Bicarbonate

Back 7

22-29 mEq/L

Front 8

What is aPTT used to measure?

Back 8

-Coagulation time---Activated parital thromboplastin time.
+Used to test this especially when client is on heparin.

Front 9

What are normal aPTT values and what should they be if the client is on anticoagulation therapy?

Back 9

Normal: 20 to 36 seconds
Heparin therapy: 1.5 to 2.5 times normal= 50-90 seconds

Front 10

What is PT and INR used to measure?

Back 10

PT--Prothrombin time
INR--International normalized ratio
<>Used to measure the amount of time it takes in seconds for clot formation and is used to monitor response to warfarin sodium (coumadin) therapy.
--INR standardizes the PT ratio

Front 11

What are normal PT values?

Back 11

9.6 to 11.8 seconds (male)
9.5-11.3 seconds (female)

Front 12

What are normal INR values for a client on a standard dose warfarin therapy?

Back 12

2.0-3.0

Front 13

What are INR values for a client on a high-dose warfarin therapy?

Back 13

3.0-4.5

Front 14

What is the normal platelet count?

Back 14

150,000 to 400,000 cells/mm

Front 15

Normal Iron values

Back 15

Male: 65-175 mcg/dL
Female: 50-170 mcg/dL

Front 16

What are iron lab values usually used for?

Back 16

Aids in diagnosing anemias and hemolytic disorders.

Front 17

What is normal hemoglobin?

Back 17

Male: 14-16.5 g/dL
Female: 12-15 g/dL

Front 18

What is normal hematocrit?

Back 18

Male: 42-52%
Female: 35-47%

Front 19

What is normal RBC count?

Back 19

Male: 4.5 to 6.2 million/uL
Female: 4.5 to 6.2 million cells/uL

Front 20

What are creatine kinase levels used to determine?

Back 20

Enzyme found in muscle and brain tissue that reflects tissue catabolism resulting from cell trauma.

Front 21

What are normal creatine kinase (CK) values?

Back 21

26-174 units/L

Front 22

How much of total CK should be made up of CK-MB (cardiac)?

Back 22

0-5%

Front 23

How much of total CK should be made up of CK-BB (Brain) and CK-MM (muscles)?

Back 23

CK-BB: 0%
CK-MM- 95-100%

Front 24

What is Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) used to measure?

Back 24

-This isoenzyme is affected by acute myocardial infarction.
--The levels begin to rise about 24 hours after Mi and peaks in 40 to 72 hours. returns to normal at day 7-14.

Front 25

What are Troponins used to measure?

Back 25

-Troponin is a regulatory protein found in striated muscle (skeletal and myocardial)
-Increased amounts of troponins are released into the bloodstream when an infarction causes damage.
-Levels elevate as early as 3 hours after myocardial injury. And can stay elevated from 7 to 14 days after.

Front 26

What are the normal lab values of Troponin I and Troponin T and the values if a client has experienced a myocardial infarction.

Back 26

-Troponin I: value usually is lower than 0.6 ng/mL. Higher than 1.5= myocardial infarction.
-Troponin T: Higher than 0.1 to 0.2 ng/mL is consistent with myocardial infarction.

Front 27

What does amount of myoglobin in the blood indicate?

Back 27

-Myoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein found in striated muslces that releases oxygen at very low tensions. It is realeased into the blood with any injury to the muscle.

Front 28

What are the lab values of myoglobin?

Back 28

Normal: less than 90 mcg/L
<>Higher than this value can indicate myocardial infarction.

Front 29

What are the normal lab values of albumin?

Back 29

3.4 to 5 g/dL

Front 30

What conditions have an effect on albumin levels?

Back 30

Increased: dehydration, diarrhea, metastatic carcinoma
Decreased: acute infection, ascites, alcoholism.

Front 31

What is the function of albumin in the blood?

Back 31

Maintains oncotic pressure and transports bilirubin, fatty acids, medications, hormones, and other substances that are insoluble in water.

Front 32

What is the function of alkaline phosphatase in the body?

Back 32

-Enzyme normally found in bone, liver, intestine, and placenta.
-Levels increase during periods of bone growth , liver disease, and bile duct obstruction.

Front 33

What are normal values of alkaline phosphatase?

Back 33

4.5 to 13 King-Armstrong unites/dL

Front 34

What is the normal values of ammonia in the blood?

Back 34

35 to 65 mg/dL

Front 35

What is the function of ammonia in the body?

Back 35

-Byproduct of protein catabolism, most of it is creased by bacteria acting on proteins present in the gut.
-It is metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys as UREA.

Front 36

What is a consequence of elevated ammonia levels?

Back 36

-Elevated levels resulting from hepatic dysfunction may lead to encephalopathy.

Front 37

What is the function of Amylase in the body?

Back 37

-Enzyme, produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, aids in the digestion of complex carbs and is excreted by the kidneys.
<>Levels greately increased in acute pancreatitis.

Front 38

What are the normal values of Amylase?

Back 38

25-151 units/L

Front 39

What is the function of lipase in the body?

Back 39

-Pancreatic enzyme that converts fats and triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
-Elevated lipase levels occur in pancreatic disorders.

Front 40

What are the normal values of of lipase?

Back 40

10 to 140 units/L

Front 41

What is the function of bilirubin in the body?

Back 41

-Produced by the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and is also a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown.
-Total bilirubin levels increase with any type of jaundice, direct and indirect bilirubin levels help differentiate the cause of the jaundice.

Front 42

What are normal levels of bilirubin?

Back 42

-Direct (conjugated): 0-0.3 mg/dL
-Indirect (unconjugated): 0.1 to 1.0 mg/dL
-Bilirubin, total: lower than 1.5 mg/dL

Front 43

What is the normal value of total cholesterol in the blood?

Back 43

140-199 mg/dL

Front 44

What is the normal value of LDL?

Back 44

Lower than 130 mg/dL

Front 45

What is the normal values for HDL?

Back 45

30-70 mg/dL

Front 46

What are the normal values for Triglycerides?

Back 46

Lower than 200 mg/dL.

Front 47

What is the normal value of protein in the blood?

Back 47

(Includes total amount of albumin and globulins in the plasma)
6.0 to 8.0 g.dL

Front 48

What are the normal values of uric acid?

Back 48

Male: 4.5 to 8 mg/dL
Female: 2.5 to 6.2 mg/dL

Front 49

What is the function of uric acid in the body?

Back 49

Formed as the purines adenine and guanine and are metabolized continuously during the formation and degration of DNA and RNA. It is also formed from the metabolism of dietary purines.

Front 50

What is a consequence of high levels of uric acid in the body?

Back 50

-uric acid will deposit in joints and soft tissue and cause gout.
-Elevated levels of urinary uric acid precipitate into urate stones in the kidneys.

Front 51

What is the normal fasting glucose level?

Back 51

70-110 mg/dL

Front 52

What are normal 2-hr, postprandial glucose levels?

Back 52

<140 mg/dL

Front 53

What is glycosylated hemoglobin?

Back 53

-Blood glucose bound to hemoglobin.
-Hemoglobin A1c is a reflection of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled for the past 3 to 4 months.

Front 54

What are Hemoglobin A1c values for a diabetic with good, fair and poor control over their blood glucose levels?

Back 54

Good control: 7% or lower
Fair control: 7 to 8%
Poor control: Higher than 8%

Front 55

What is the use of a serum creatinine level?

Back 55

-Creatinine is a specific indicator of renal function.
-Increased levels indicate a slowing of the glomerular filtration rate.

Front 56

What are normal values of serum creatinine?

Back 56

0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL

Front 57

What is the use of Blood urea nitrogen levels?

Back 57

-Urea nitrogen is the nitrogen portion of urea, a substance formed in the liver through an enzymatic protein breakdown process.
-It is normally freely filtered through the renal glomeruli, with a small amount reabsorbed in the tubules and the remainder excreted in teh urine.
-Elevated levels indicate a slowing of glomerular filtration rate.

Front 58

What are normal values of Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

Back 58

8 to 25 mg/dL

Front 59

What are normal calcium levels?

Back 59

8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL

Front 60

What are normal magnesium levels?

Back 60

1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL

Front 61

What are normal phosphorus levels?

Back 61

2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL

Front 62

What are normal values of Thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Back 62

0.2 to 5.4 microunits/mL

Front 63

What are normal levels of Thyroxine (T4)?

Back 63

5.0 to 12.0 mcg/dL
Part of the thyroid studies.

Front 64

What are normal levels of thyroixine, free (FT4)?

Back 64

0.8 to 2.4 ng/dL

Front 65

What are normal levels of Triiodothyroinine (T3)?

Back 65

Part of thyroid studies
80-230 ng/dL

Front 66

What is the normal value of WBC?

Back 66

4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm3

Front 67

What is a "shift to the left"?

Back 67

An increased number of immature neturophils present in the blood.

Front 68

What tests are included in Hepatitis testing?

Back 68

radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microparticle enzyme immunoassay.
-Serological tests for specific hepatitis virus markers assist in defining the specific type of hepatitis.

Front 69

CD4+ T cell counts can provide what information?

Back 69

-This cell count monitors the progression of HIV
-As the disease progresses, usually the number of CD4+ T-cells decreases, with a resultant decrease in immunity.

Front 70

What are normal CD4+ T-cell counts?

Back 70

500-1600 cells/L
-Usually the immune system remains healthy with cell counts higher than 500 cells/L
-Immune system problems occur between 200-499 cells/L
-Severe immune problems occur with counts lower than 200 cells/L

Front 71

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Back 71

1.016 to 1.022

Front 72

What is the therapeutic range of serum Digoxin levels?

Back 72

0.5-2 ng/mL

Front 73

What is the therapeutic range of serum Lithium levels?

Back 73

0.5-1.3 mEq/L