Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do angiotensive-converting enzyme inhibitors do?
|
Treats both primary and secondary HTN by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for ACE inhibitors?
|
"pril"
e.g. benazpril, lisinopril, catopril, enalapril, moexipril, ramipril |
|
|
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors?
|
Hypotension, hacking cough, N/V, rashes, angioedema
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for ACE inhibitors?
|
Monitor vital signs (BP!)
Monitor WBC count Monitor K+ and creatinine levels Monitor electrolyte levels |
|
|
What do beta-adrenergic blockers do?
|
Help lower BP, pulse rate, and cardiac output by blocking the sympathetic vasomotor response.
Also used to treat migraines, vascular h/a, glaucoma, and to prevent MIs |
|
|
What is a common syllable for beta-adrenergic blockers?
|
"olol"
e.g. acebutolol, atenolol, carvedilol, esmolol, propanolol, metoprolol |
|
|
What are side effects of beta-adrenergic blockers?
|
orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, n/v, diarrhea, may mask hypoglycemic symptoms
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for beta-adrenergic blockers?
|
monitor pt's BP, pulse, rhythm
monitor for signs of edema; assess lung sounds for rales and rhonchi monitor lab values (protein, BUN, creatinine) that indicate nephrotic syndrome teach pt to get up slowly, report bradycardia, dizziness, confusion, depression, or fever taper off the med |
|
|
What do anti-infectives (aminoglycosides) do?
|
cause most aerobic gram-neg bacteria and some gram-pos bacteria to die by interfering w/ the protein synthesis of the bacteria
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for anti-infectives (aminoglycosides)?
|
some end in "-cin"
many end in "-mycin" e.g. gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin |
|
|
What are side effects of anti-infectives (aminoglycosides)?
|
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, seizures, blood dyscrasias, hypotension, rash
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for anti-infectives (aminoglycosides)?
|
get hx of allergies
monitor I and O's monitor VS during IV infusion maintain a patent IV site monitor for therapeutic levels monitor for signs of nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity teach client to report any changes in urinary elimination monitor peak and trough levels |
|
|
What do benzodiazepines do?
|
used for anti-anxiety or anticonvulsant effects
|
|
|
What is are common syllables for benzodiazepines?
|
some drugs contain "pam"
all drugs contain "azo" or "aze" e.g. clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, flurazepam |
|
|
What are side effects of benzodiazepines?
|
drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, restlessness, slurred speech, bradycardia, hypotension, diplopia, nystagmus, n/v, rash, constipation, incontinence, urinary retention, respiratory depression, urticaria
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for benzodiazepines?
|
monitor respirations
monitor liver function monitor kidney function monitor bone marrow function monitor for signs of chemical abuse |
|
|
What do phenothiazines do?
|
used as antiemetics (prevent n/v) or neuroleptics (antipsychotic)
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for phenothiazines?
|
"zine"
e.g. chlopromazine (thorazine - mainly for schizophrenia), prochlorperazine (compazine - mainly to control severe n/v), trifluoperazine, promethzine, hydroxyzine, fluphenazine |
|
|
What are side effects of phenothiazines?
|
extrapyramidal effects, drowsiness, sedation, orthostatic, hypotension, dry mouth, agranulocytosis, photosensitivity, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for phenothiazines?
|
protect medication from light
do not mix liquid forms of fluphenazine hcl with any beverage containing caffeine, tannates, or pectin d/t physical incompatibility monitor liver enzymes monitor renal function protect patient from overexposure to the sun |
|
|
What do glucocorticoids do?
|
used for conditions that require suppression of the immune system or to decrease inflammatory response
have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, and anti-stress effects used in Addison's disease, COPD, immune disorders |
|
|
What is a common syllable for glucocorticoids?
|
"sone"
"cort" e.g. prednisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, cortisone, hydrocortisone |
|
|
What are side effects of glucocorticoids?
|
acne, poor wound healing, leukocytosis, ecchymosis, bruising, petechiae, depression, flushing, sweating, mood changes, insomnia, HTN, osteoporosis, diarrhea, hemorrhage
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for glucocorticoids?
|
monitor glucose levels
weight the pt daily monitor BP monitor for signs of infection |
|
|
What do antivirals do?
|
inhibit viral growth by inhibiting an enzyme within the virus
used for pts with AIDS, herpes, RSV |
|
|
What is a common syllable for antivirals?
|
"vir"
e.g. acyclovir, ritonavir, saquinovir, indinavir, abacavir, cidofovir |
|
|
What are side effects of antivirals?
|
n/v, diarrhea, oliguria, proteinuria, vaginitis, CNS side effects (tremors, confusion, seizures, severe and sudden anemia)
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for antivirals?
|
tell pt to report rash (allergic rxn)
watch for signs of infection monitor creatinine level frequently monitor liver profile monitor bowel pattern before and during treatment |
|
|
What do cholesterol-lowering agents do?
|
help lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels and decrease the potential for cardiovascular disease
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for cholesterol-lowering agents?
|
"vastatin"
e.g. atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin |
|
|
What are side effects of cholesterol-lowering agents?
|
rash, alopecia, dyspepsia, liver dysfunction, muscle weakness, h/a
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for cholesterol-lowering agents?
|
diet low in cholesterol and fat
monitor cholesterol levels monitor liver profile monitor renal function monitor for muscle pain and weakness |
|
|
What do angiotensin receptor blockers do?
|
used to treat primary and secondary HTN by blocking angiotensin II
increases cardiac output |
|
|
What is a common syllable for angiotensin receptor blockers?
|
"sartan"
e.g. valsartan, candesartan, losartan, telmisartan |
|
|
What are side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers?
|
dizziness, insomnia, depression, diarrhea, n/v, impotence, muscle cramps, neutropenia, cough
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for angiotensin receptor blockers?
|
monitor BP, BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, hydration status
check edema in legs and feet daily |
|
|
What do histamine 2 antagonists do?
|
used to treat GERD, acid reflux, and gastic ulcers by inhibiting histamine 2 release in gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acids
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for histamine 2 antagonists?
|
"tidine"
e.g. cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, rantidine |
|
|
What are side effects of histamine 2 antagonists?
|
confusion, bradycardia, diarrhea, psychosis, seizures, agranulocytosis, rash, alopecia, gynecomastia, galactorrhea
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for histamine 2 antagonists?
|
monitor blood urea nitrogen levels
give med w/ meals if taking with antacids, make sure pt takes antacids one hour before or after taking histamine 2 antagonists cimetidine can be prescribed in one large dose at bedtime sucralfate decreases the effects of histamine 2 receptor blockers |
|
|
What do proton pump inhibitors do?
|
used to treat gastric ulcers, indigestion, and GERD by inhibiting the hydrogen/potasium ATPase enzyme system
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for proton pump inhibitors?
|
"prazole"
e.g. esomeprazole (Nexium), lasoprazole, pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole |
|
|
What are side effects of proton pump inhibitors?
|
h/a, insomnia, diarrhea, flatulence, rash, hyperglycemia
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for proton pump inhibitors?
|
do not crush pantroprazole
advise pt to take PPIs before meals for best absorption monitor liver function |
|
|
What do anticoagulants do?
|
used in treatment of thrombolytic diseases
|
|
|
What is a common syllable for anticoagulants?
|
"parin"
e.g. heparin sodium, enoxaparin sodium, dalteparin sodium |
|
|
What are side effects for anticoagulants?
|
fever, diarrhea, stomatitis, bleeding, hematuria, dermatits, alopecia, pruritus
|
|
|
What are nursing considerations for anticoagulants?
|
blood studies (hematocrit and occult blood in stool) should be checked q3 months
monitor PTT, platelet count, signs of bleeding, and signs of infection |
|
|
What are pregnancy categories for drugs?
|
Category A: no risk to fetus
Category B: insufficient data Category C: benefits of med outweighs the risk Category D: risk to fetus exists, but benefits could outweigh the probable risk Category X: avoid if pregnant or trying to get pregnant |
