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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition Psychological dysfunction
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a breakdown in cognitive , emotional, or behavioral function. It is unexpected in its cultural context and associated with personal distress or substantial impairment in functioning |
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Definition Psychopathology
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the scientific study of disorders |
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Definition Prevalence
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how many (percent) of population has the disorder
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Definition Incidence
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how many new cases occur with in a given time frame such as a year |
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Definition Prognosis |
anticipated course of the disorder |
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Definition Etiology |
what causes the disorder |
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Definition Equifinality |
there may be multiple the steps to na given outcome. |
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Definition Comorbidity
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an individual has two or more disorders at the same time
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Definition Adaptive functioning
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occurs when defense mechanisms are used to cope with stressors. Mechanisms leading to optimal adaptation including anticipation, humor, and sublimation. At the other extreme, failure to regulate stress may lean to a break with reality resulting in delusion projection or psychotic distortion. |
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Causal models
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2. Multi dimensional |
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Causal model one dimensional
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assumes a disorder is caused by one factor (ex chemical imbalance)
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Causal model Multi dimensional
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assume a disorder is caused by the interaction of several factors and dimensions. The context of the individual is important and includes biology and behavior of the individual as well as cognitive, emotional. social. and cultural dimensions.
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Factors that may play a part in a pathology
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1. genetic 2. behavior and cognitive 3. Emotions 4. Cultural, social, and interpersonal |
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genetic factors that may play a part in a pathology
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influence cognitions, behaviors and emptions; the nervous system influences psychological disorders primarily through biochemical neurotransmitters in the brain
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behavior and cognitive factors that may play a part in a pathology |
how we acquire and process information, store and retrieve it influence behavior. W also acquire and learn behaviors through conditioning and social learning
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Emotions factors that may play a part in a pathology |
Emotion is viewed as temporary and mood is is a more persisted period of emotionality
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Cultural, social, and interpersonal factors that may play a part in a pathology |
Gender is an important influence on the incident of some disorders. TEH amount and kind of social relationships and contacts help predict longevity by reducing the incident of certain physical disorders perhaps by influencing the immune system.
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System traits may be:
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2. Ego-syntonic |
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ego-dystonic
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individual perceive the symptoms or traits as undesirable
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Ego-syntonic
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individual perceive the symptoms or traits as desirable
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Clinical assessment
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the process of detraining the psychological , biological, and social factors which may be associate with a psychological disorder. |
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Diagnosis
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The process of determining whether a presenting problem meets criteria in the DSM 5 |
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Mental status exam covers five areas
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2. thought process 3. mood and affect 4. intellectual functioning 5. sensorium (orientation to surroundings, time , place, and identity |
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Behavioral assessment
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the use of direct observation to asses formally and individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts. The clinical interview is one such assessment.
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Psychological assessment
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using psychological test to assess cognitive, emotional, behavioral, or personality characteristics. These fall in to 3 categories: 1. Projective tests 2. Personality tests 3. Intelligence test |
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Examples of Projective tests
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Rorschach, thematic apperception test, incomplete sentences blank
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Examples of Personality tests |
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; California Psychological inventory
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Examples of Intelligence test
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Wechsler adult intelligence scale iv
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Neurophysiological assessment
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an instrument that measure brain dysfunction and measure such abilities as language expression, attention and concentration, memory, motor skills, and perceptual ability |
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Treatment plan
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a therapeutic road map to help individuals improve their mental health and daily functioning. |
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Continuum of care
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from restrictive (inpatient) , partial day or hospital care, to group home or residential care. To less restrictive possibilities such as intensive out patient, home health and out patient services |
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