Ncbtmb

Front 1

Acute

Back 1

A stage of injury or infection that is short term and severe.

Front 2

antagonistic

Back 2

A muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle, the agonist.

Front 3

Anxiety

Back 3

Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster

Front 4

benign

Back 4

Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster

Front 5

chronic

Back 5

A disease or disorder that has a low intensity, lasting a long time.

Front 6

communicable diseases

Back 6

A disease that can be transmitted from an effected person to another person.

Front 7

compensation

Back 7

An unconscious mechanism by which one tries to make up for fancied or real deficiencies.

Front 8

compression syndromes

Back 8

Trauma and ischaemia of soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing of the tissues, leading to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells.

Front 9

contraindications

Back 9

Any special symptom or circumstance that renders the use of a remedy or the carrying out of a procedure inadvisable, usually because of risk.

Front 10

depression

Back 10

A temporary mental state or chronic mental disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, loneliness, despair, low self-esteem, and self-reproach; accompanying signs include psychomotor retardation or less frequently agitation, withdrawal from social contact, and vegetative states such as loss of appetite and insomnia

Front 11

Dysfunction

Back 11

Abnormal or difficult function

Front 12

Endangerment Sites (definition)

Back 12

A region of the body in which nerves, arteries, or veins lay close to the body's surface.

Front 13

entrapment syndromes

Back 13

nerve impingement conditions in which nerves or nerve roots are placed under abnormal pressure by soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, or fascia.

Front 14

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Back 14

The sum of all non-specific systemic reactions of the body to long-continued exposure to systemic stress.

Front 15

health

Back 15

A condition of homeostasis resulting in a state of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

The relatively constant state of the internal environment of the body that is maintained by adaptive responses. specific control and feedback mechanisms are responsible for adjusting the body systems to maintain this state.

Front 17

impingement syndromes

Back 17

progressive pathologic changes resulting from the impingement of the acromion, coracoacromial ligament, coracoid process, or acromioclavicular joint on the rotator cuff.

Front 18

Indication

Back 18

When there is justification to work an existing condition with a positive outcome.

Front 19

Inflammatory response

Back 19

A sequence of events that involves chemical and cellular activation that destroys pathogens and aids in repairing tissues.

Front 20

Intractable pain

Back 20

The continuation of chronic pain without active disease present or when chronic pain persists even with treatment.

Front 21

Malignant

Back 21

Having the property of locally invasive and destructive grown and metastasis.

Front 22

Medications

Back 22

1. A medicine; a medicament.
2. The act or process of treating with medicine.

Front 23

metastasis

Back 23

the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another, as with the spread of cancer

Front 24

pain

Back 24

a unpleasant, complex, private experience with physiologic, psychologic, and social aspects. Because pain is subjective, it is often difficult to explain or describe.

Front 25

pain-spasm-pain cycle

Back 25

self-perpetuating cycle of pain, which causes spasm, which increases pain, and infinitum

Front 26

palliative care

Back 26

Denoting alleviation of symptoms without curing the underlying disease

Front 27

Pathology

Back 27

The study of disease as observed in the structure and function of the body.

Front 28

phantom pain

Back 28

A form of pain or other sensation experienced in the missing extremity after a limb amputation.

Front 29

post traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS)

Back 29

A common anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened.

Front 30

referral

Back 30

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

Front 31

referred pain

Back 31

pain felt in a surface area far from the stimulated organ

Front 32

risk factors

Back 32

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Front 33

stress

Back 33

Any external or internal stimulus that requires a change or response so as to prevent an imbalance in the internal environment of the body, mind, or emotions.

Front 34

symptoms

Back 34

The subjective changes noticed or felt only by the client.

Front 35

syndrome

Back 35

A group of different signs and symptoms that identify a pathologic condition, especially when they have a common cause.

Front 36

synergistic

Back 36

A muscle that aids or assists the action of the agonist but is not primarily responsible for the action. Also known as a 'guiding muscle'.

Front 37

Trauma

Back 37

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Front 38

Erect position

Back 38

standing up

Front 39

anatomical position

Back 39

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.

Front 40

Supine Position

Back 40

laying on your back

Front 41

prone position

Back 41

laying on your stomach

Front 42

laterally recumbent position

Back 42

side -lying

Front 43

caudad

Back 43

Toward the feet (or, in embryology, toward the tail), as opposed to cranial. The spinal cord is caudad to the brain

Front 44

anterior

Back 44

The front, as opposed to the posterior.

Front 45

posterior

Back 45

The back, as opposed to the anterior.

Front 46

cephalad

Back 46

In a direction toward the head

Front 47

deep

Back 47

Situated at a deeper level in relation to a specific reference point

Front 48

Distal

Back 48

Situated away from the center of the body, or from the point of origin; specifically applied to the extremity or distant part of a limb or organ.

Front 49

dorsal

Back 49

Relating to the back or postterior of a structure. As opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure.

Front 50

external

Back 50

On the outside or farther from the center

Front 51

inferior

Back 51

Situated below or directed downward

Front 52

Internal

Back 52

Away from the surface

Front 53

lateral

Back 53

Farther from the median or mid-sagittal plane

Front 54

medial

Back 54

Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the median or mid-sagittal plane

Front 55

plantar

Back 55

Having to do with the sole of the foot.

Front 56

peripheral

Back 56

Situated away from the center, as opposed to centrally located.

Front 57

proximal

Back 57

Nearest the trunk or the point of origin

Front 58

superficial

Back 58

Pertaining to or situated near the surface

Front 59

superior

Back 59

Situated above or directed upward

Front 60

valgus

Back 60

Angled outward, bent or twisted outward

Front 61

varus

Back 61

Angled inward, bent or twisted inward

Front 62

volar

Back 62

Pertaining to both the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot

Front 63

chemical level

Back 63

Chemical properties are those that demonstrate the way the substance reacts with other substances or the way it responds to a change in the environment

(for more info - p. 4 Mosby's Essential sciences for therapeutic massage)

Front 64

cellular level

Back 64

cell is the basic structural unit of an organism

(for more info - p. 10 Mosby's Essential sciences for therapeutic massage)

Front 65

mitosis

Back 65

cell division

Front 66

Tissue level

Back 66

Tissue is a group of similar cells that are specialized to perform a specific function.

(for more info - p. 11 Mosby's Essential sciences for therapeutic massage)

Front 67

Matrix

Back 67

nonliving material the cells of a tissue are embedded in or surrounded by

Front 68

organ level

Back 68

Organs are groups of 2 or more kinds of tissue that combine to perform a special function

Front 69

system level

Back 69

organs that combine to perform more complex body functions are referred to as systems.

Front 70

organism level

Back 70

the body as a whole

Front 71

anabolism

Back 71

The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from smaller simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids), usually with the use of energy

Front 72

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Back 72

a compound that stores energy in the muscles. When ATP is broken down during catabolic reactions, it releases energy.

Front 73

atom

Back 73

The smallest particle of an elemebt that retains and exhibits the properties of that element

Front 74

makeup of an atom

Back 74

protons
neutrons
electrons

Front 75

Atrophy

Back 75

A decrease in the size of a body part or organ caused by a decrease in the size of the cells.

Front 76

Cardiac muscle fibers

Back 76

smaller, striated, involuntary muscle fibers (cells) in the heart that contract to pump blood

Front 77

catabolism

Back 77

chemical processes in the body that release energy as complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones

Front 78

collagen

Back 78

a protien substance composed of small fibrils that combine to create the connective tissue of fascia, tendons, and ligaments

Front 79

connective tissue

Back 79

supports and holds together the body and its parts
protects the body from foreign matter
transports substances thought the body

Front 80

elastic fibers

Back 80

connective tissue fibers that are extensible and elastic

Front 81

epithelial tissues

Back 81

a specialized group of tissues that cover and protect the surface of the body and it's parts, line body cavities, and forms glands

Front 82

gross anatomy

Back 82

the study of body structures visible to the naked eye

Front 83

hypertrophy

Back 83

an increase in the size of a cell, which results in an increase in the size of a body part or organ

Front 84

interphase

Back 84

the period during which a cell grows and carries on its activities

Front 85

meiosis

Back 85

A type of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the normal number of chromosomes, forming 2 reproductive cells

Front 86

membrane

Back 86

A thin, sheet-like layer of tissue that comers a cell, an organ, or some other structure; that lines a tube or a cavity; or that divides or separates on e part from another.

Front 87

metabolism

Back 87

Chemical process in the body that convert food and air into energy to support growth, distribution of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Front 88

mitosis

Back 88

Cell division in which the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells.

Front 89

molecule

Back 89

A combination of two or more atoms. A molecule is the smallest portion of a substance that can exist separately without losing the physical and chemical properties of that substance.

Front 90

muscle tissue

Back 90

a specialized form of tissue that contracts and shortens to provide movement, maintain posture, and produce heat

Front 91

organelles

Back 91

the basic components of a cell that perform specific functions within the cell

Front 92

physiology

Back 92

the study of the processes and functions of the body involved in supporting life

Front 93

regional anatomy

Back 93

the study of the structures of a particular area of the body

Front 94

reticular fibers

Back 94

delicate, connective tissue fibers that occur in networks and support small structures, such as capillaries, nerve fibers, and the basement membrane. Reticular fibers are made of a specialized type of collagen called reticulin.

Front 95

skeletal muscle fibers

Back 95

large, cross-striated cells that are connected to the skeleton and under voluntary control of the nervous system.

Front 96

smooth muscle fibers

Back 96

muscle fibers that are neiter striated nor voluntary. These muscle cells help regulate blood flow through the cardiovascular system, propel food through the gut, and squeeze secretions from glands

Front 97

surface anatomy

Back 97

the study of internal organs and structures as they can be recognized and related to external features

Front 98

systemic anatomy

Back 98

the study of the structure of a particular body system

Front 99

tissues

Back 99

a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function

Front 100

histology

Back 100

The science concerned with the minute structure of cells, tissues, and organs in relation to their function.

Front 101

epithelial tissues

Back 101

A specialized group of tissues that cover and protect the surface of the body and its parts, line body cavities, and form glands. Epithelial tissue usually is found in areas that move substances into and out of the body during secretion, absorption, and excretion.

Front 102

bladder

Back 102

A hollow muscular organ that stores urine before expelling it from the body.

Front 103

nervous tissue

Back 103

a specialized tissue that coordinates and regulates body activity. It can develop more excitability and conductivity than other types of tissue.

Front 104

Bone Structure

Back 104

Dense, connective tissue

Front 105

compact bone

Back 105

The hard portion of the bone that protects spongy bone and provides the firm framework of the bone and the body.

Front 106

spongy bone

Back 106

the lighter-weight portion of bone which is made up of trabeculae

Front 107

trabeculae

Back 107

an irregular meshing of small, bony plates that makes up a spongy bone' its spaces are filled with red marrow

Front 108

endosteum

Back 108

A layer of cells lining the inner surface of bone in the central medullary cavity

Front 109

endoskeleton

Back 109

the bony support structure found inside the human body that accommodates growth

Front 110

periosteum

Back 110

the thin membrane of connective tissue that covers bones except at articulations

Front 111

piezoelectric

Back 111

the quality of bones that allows them to deform slightly and vibrate when electric currents pass through them and produce minute electric current when deformed or compressed. Bone formation patterns follow lines of stress load directed by the piezoelectric currents.

Front 112

flat bones

Back 112

are more flat than round:
cranial bones
scapula
ribs

Front 113

long bones

Back 113

longer in one axis than in another, characterized by a medullary cavity, a hollow diaphysis of compact bone, and at least 2 epiphyses:
femur
phalanges

Front 114

medullary cavity

Back 114

he marrow cavity in the shaft of a long bone

Front 115

short bones

Back 115

cube-shaped bones, predominantly cancellous with a thin cortex of compact bone, no cavity:
carpal
tarsal

Front 116

irregular bones

Back 116

have two or more different shapes:
vertebrae

Front 117

sesamoid bones

Back 117

are not long or short, developed in tendons:
patella

Front 118

sutural or wormian

Back 118

A form of fibrous joint in which two bones formed in membrane are united by a fibrous membrane continuous with the periosteum

Front 119

Osteoblast

Back 119

cell that forms bones

Front 120

Osteoclasts

Back 120

reabsorb old cells and start process over again

Front 121

Osteocytes

Back 121

mature bone cells

Front 122

Appendicular skeleton

Back 122

the part of the skeleton composed of the limbs and their attachments (includes the scapula and the pelvic girdle)

Front 123

Axial skeleton

Back 123

the axis of the body, consists of the head, vertebral column, the ribs, and the sternum. Provides the body with form and protection.

Front 124

arch

Back 124

Any structure resembling a bent bow or an arch

Front 125

canal

Back 125

A duct or channel; a tubular structure

Front 126

condyle

Back 126

a rounded projection at the end of a bone

Front 127

crest

Back 127

A ridge of bone

Front 128

epicondyle

Back 128

a bony projection above a condyle

Front 129

facet

Back 129

a smooth, flat surface on a bone

Front 130

fissure

Back 130

A deep furrow, cleft, or slit.

Front 131

foramen

Back 131

an opening in a bone

Front 132

fossa

Back 132

a depression in the surface or at the end of a bone

Front 133

groove / sulcus

Back 133

A narrow, elongate depression or furrow on a bone

Front 134

head

Back 134

The rounded extremity of a bone

Front 135

line / linea

Back 135

a long, narrow mark, strip, or streak distinguished from the adjacent tissues by color, texture, or elevation

Front 136

meatus

Back 136

A passage or channel

Front 137

notch

Back 137

An indentation at the edge of any structure

Front 138

process

Back 138

any prominent bony growth that projects out from the bone

Front 139

sinus

Back 139

a tract leading from a cavity to the surface

Front 140

spinous process / spine

Back 140

A short, sharp, thornlike process of bone

Front 141

Trochanter

Back 141

one of two large bony processes found only on the femur

Front 142

trochlea

Back 142

A smooth articular surface of bone upon which another glides

Front 143

tubercle

Back 143

a small rounded process on a bone

Front 144

tuberosity

Back 144

a large rounded protuberance on a bone

Front 145

cartilage

Back 145

a form of flexible connective tissue

Front 146

hyaline cartilage

Back 146

the thin covering of articular connective tissue on the ends of the bones in freely movable joints in the adult skeleton

Front 147

white fibrocartilage

Back 147

a mixture of tough, white fibrous tissue and flexible cartilaginous tissue