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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prothrombin time
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Collection of a specimen of blood to determine prothrombin time
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Lab value: Prothrombin time
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11-12.5 seconds
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Prothrombin time: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: a possible deficiency in prothrombin, fibrinogen or extrinsic factors, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency
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Lab value: Calcium
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9-10.5 mg/dL
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Calcium: Significance of abnormal results
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Decreased values show: Malabsorption, renal failure, acute pancreatitis
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Lab value: Potassium
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3.5 mEq/dL
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Potassium: Significance of abnormal results
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Decreased values show: vomiting, gastric suctioning, diarrhea, drainage from intestinal fistulas
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Serum electrophoresis: Significance of abnormal results
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Decreased values show: Hepatic disease, GI disorders, peptic ulcers, acute cholecystitis, malabsorption
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Lab value: Total protein
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6-8 g/dL
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Lab value: Albumin
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3.5-5 g/dL
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Lab value: Alpha 1-globulin
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0.1-0.4 g/dL
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Lab value: Alpha 2-globulin
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0.5-1 g/dL
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Lab value: Beta globulin
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0.7-1.2 g/dL
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Lab value: Gamma globulin
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0.5-1.6 g/dL
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Lab value: AST, SGOT
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8-20 u/L or 5-40 IU/L
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AST, SGOT: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: viral hepatitis, chirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, malabsorption or other liver damage. Pregnancy may decrease AST levels
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AST/SGOT
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AST/ALT, Asparate transaminase, Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, both are liver function tests
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ALT/SGPT: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: hepatitis, cirrhosis
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Lab value: ALT/SGPT
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5-35 IU/L
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ALT/SGPT
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Alanine aminotransferase, a test to determine liver damage or disease
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LDH
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Lactate dehydrogenase
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LDH: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: tissue damage, most likely caused by hepatitis. Low and normal levels of LDH do not usually indicate a problem. Low levels are sometimes seen with large amounts of Vit C. If platelet count is increased, serum LDH will be artificially high and not reflective of the LDH actually present.
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Lab value: LDH
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45-90 u/L or 115-225 IU/L
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ALP: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: liver disease, biliary obstruction or bone disorders
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Lab value: ALP
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30-90 IU/L
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ALP: Significance of abnormal results
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Alkaline phosphatase
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Lab value: Bilirubin (total serum)
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1 mg/dL
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Bilirubin (total serum): Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: hemolysis, biliary obstruction, hepatic damage
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Bilirubin (conjugated, direct): Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: biliary obstruction
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Lab value: Bilirubin (conjugated, direct)
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0.3 mg/dL
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Bilirubin (unconjugated, indirect): Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: hemolysis, hepatic damage
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Lab value: Bilirubin (unconjugated, indirect)
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0.8 mg/dL
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Lab value: Ammonia
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15-110 mg/dL
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Ammonia: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: hepatic disease (cirrhosis)
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Lab value: d-Xylose absorption
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25-40 mg/dL in 2 hrs, 3.5 g in 5 hrs or 5 g in 24 hrs
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d-Xylose: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: malabsorption in the small intestine
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d-Xylose
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Helps determine whether a person is absorbing carbohydrates normally. Distinguishes between malabsorption disorders caused by insufficient pancreatic enzymes or bile and those due to intestinal dysfunction
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Medications that can affect d-Xylose test results
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Aspirin, digitalis, MAOI, metformin, nalidixic acid, opium alkaloids, atropine and indomethacin. Dehydration, exercise and the rate that the stomach empties may affect test results
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Serum amlyase: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: acute pancreatitis
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Lab values: Serum amylase
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80-150 Somogyi units/dL, 56-90 IU/L or 25-125 U/L
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Serum lipase: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: acute pancreatitis
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Lab values: Serum lipase
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0-110 U/L or 0-417 U/L
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Cholesterol: Significance of abnormal results
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Increased values show: heart disease. Decreased values show:malnutrition or liver disease. Cholesterol will be high during pregnancy
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Lab values: Cholesterol
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150-200 mg/dL
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Medications that can affect Cholesterol
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Some drugs that are known to increase cholesterol levels include anabolic steroids, beta blockers, epinephrine, oral contraceptives and vitamin D
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