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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abortion
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The termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species.
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Abruption placenta
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The premature detachment of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. (Also: abruptio placentae)
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Amenorrhea
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An abnormal absence or suppression of menstruation.
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Caput
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A knoblike protuberance (as of a bone or muscle).
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Cephalic
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1 : of or relating to the head 2 : directed toward or situated on or in or near the head
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Cephalo-pelvic disproportion
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A condition in which a maternal pelvis is small in relation to the size of the fetal head.
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Chromosome
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A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Each chromosome consists of a DNA double helix bearing a linear sequence of genes, coiled and recoiled around aggregated proteins (histones). Their number varies from species to species: humans have 22 pairs plus the two sex chromosomes (two X chromosomes in females, one X and one Y in males). During cell division, each DNA strand is duplicated, and the chromosomes condense to become visible as distinct pairs of chromatids joined at the centromere. Bacteria and viruses lack a nucleus and have a single chromosome without histones.
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Colostrum
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Milk secreted for a few days after parturition and characterized by high protein and antibody content.
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Contraceptive
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A device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.
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Corpus Luteum
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A yellowish mass of progesterone-secreting endocrine tissue that consists of pale secretory cells derived from granulose cells, that forms immediately after ovulation from the ruptured draafian follicle in the mammalian ovary, and that regresses rather quickly if the ovum is not fertilized but persists throughout the ensuing pregnancy if it is fertilized.
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Crowning
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Indicates that birth is imminent, occurs when the fetal head is encircled by the vaginal introitus.
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Diastasis recti
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(Also known as abdominal separation) is a disorder defined as a separation of the rectus abdominis muscle into right and left halves. Normally, the two sides of the muscle are joined at the linea alba at the body midline.
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Dilatation
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The condition of being stretched beyond normal dimensions especially as a result of overwork or disease or of abnormal relaxation.
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Dystocia
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Slow or difficult labor or delivery -- compare EUTOCIA
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Eclampsia/PIH
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A convulsive state : an attack of convulsions: as a : convulsions or coma late in pregnancy in an individual affected with pre-eclampsia.
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Ectopic pregnancy
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Gestation elsewhere than in the uterus (as in a fallopian tube or in the peritoneal cavity) -- called also ectopic gestation, extrauterine gestation, extrauterine pregnancy.
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EDB
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Estimated date of birth (EDB) also the estimated date of delivery (EDD)
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Effacement
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Obliteration of the uterine cervix by shortening and softening during labor so that only the external orifice remains.
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Embryo
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An animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems; especially : the developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception -- compare FETUS.
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Episiotomy
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The surgical enlargement of the vulval orifice for obstetrical purposes during parturition.
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Fetus
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An unborn or unhatched vertebrate especially after attaining the basic structural plan of its kind; specifically : a developing human from usually two months after conception to birth -- compare EMBRYO.
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Fontanel
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A membrane-covered opening in bone or between bones; specifically : any of the spaces closed by membranous structures between the uncompleted angles of the parietal bones and the neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull.
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Fundus
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The bottom of or part opposite the aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ: as a : the greater curvature of the stomach b : the lower back part of the bladder c : the large upper end of the uterus d : the part of the eye opposite the pupil.
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Gestation
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The carrying of young in the uterus from conception to delivery.
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Graafian follicle
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A mature follicle in a mammalian ovary that contains a liquid-filled cavity and that ruptures during ovulation to release an egg -- called also vesicular ovarian follicle.
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Gravid
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Pregnant; carrying eggs or young.
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Hydramnios
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Excessive accumulation of the amniotic fluid -- called also polyhydramnios.
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Hyperemesis gravidarum
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Excessive vomiting during pregnancy.
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Implantation
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The act or process of implanting or the state of being implanted: as a : the placement of a natural or artificial tooth in an artificially prepared socket in the jawbone b in placental mammals : the process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall -- called also nidation c : medical treatment by the insertion of an implant.
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Involution
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1 a : an inward curvature or penetration b : the formation of a gastrula by ingrowth of cells formed at the dorsal lip 2 : a shrinking or return to a former size <involution of the uterus after pregnancy> 3 : the regressive alterations of a body or its parts characteristic of the aging process; specifically : decline marked by a decrease of bodily vigor and in women by menopause.
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IUGR
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction; The growth of the fetus is abnormally slow. When born, the baby appears too small, considering its' dates. Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased risk of medical illness and death in the newborn. Intrauterine growth restriction is also referred to as intrauterine growth retardation. .
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Lactation
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1 : the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland 2 : one complete period of lactation extending from about the time of parturition to weaning.
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Lanugo
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A dense cottony or downy growth of hair; specifically : the soft downy hair that covers the fetus of some mammals.
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LGA
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Large for Gestational Age – (Nancy: add more!).
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Lightening
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A sense of decreased weight and abdominal tension felt by a pregnant woman on descent of the fetus into the pelvic cavity prior to labor.
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Linea nigra
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A dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen during about three quarters of all pregnancies. The brownish streak is usually about a centimeter in width. The line runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen from the pubis to the xiphoid process. It is a type of hyperpigmentation resulting from increased production of the pigment melanin thought to be caused by increased estrogen, the same process that causes the areolas to darken. Why this process of hyperpigmentation occurs on the midline of the abdomen is uncertain. Fair-skinned women show this phenomenon less often than women with darker pigmentation. Before it appears it may be more faintly visible as a white line. It tends to appear around the second trimester. After birth, the line fades slowly, but may never disappear entirely, and sun exposure may cause it to recur..
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Lochia
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A discharge from the uterus and vagina following delivery (plural lochia).
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Maceration
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1 : an act or the process of macerating something; especially : the extraction of a drug by allowing it to stand in contact with a solvent 2 : the condition of being macerated <the fetus was recovered in an advanced state of maceration>.
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Meconium
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A dark greenish mass of desquamated cells, mucus, and bile that accumulates in the bowel of a fetus and is typically discharged shortly after birth.
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Menorrhagia
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Abnormally profuse menstrual flow -- compare HYPERMENORRHEA, METRORRHAGIA.
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Molding
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Because of the sutures and fontanels, there is some flexibility in the fetal skull. These structures allow the cranial bones the capability of movement and they overlap in response to the powers of labor. The overlapping or overriding of the cranial bones is called molding..
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Morbidity
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1 : a diseased state or symptom <lumbar puncture, if improperly performed, may be followed by a significant morbidity -- Journal of the American Medical Association> 2 : the incidence of disease : the rate of sickness (as in a specified community or group) <while TB mortality has declined fairly steadily, morbidity has been rising -- Time> -- compare MORTALITY 2.
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Mortality
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1 : the quality or state of being mortal 2 a : the number of deaths in a given time or place b : the proportion of deaths to population : DEATH RATE -- called also mortality rate -- compare FERTILITY 2, MORBIDITY 2.
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Multigravida
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A woman who has been pregnant more than once -- compare MULTIPARA.
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Multipara
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A woman who has borne more than one child -- see GRAND MULTIPARA; compare MULTIGRAVIDA.
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Neonatal
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Of, relating to, or affecting the newborn and especially the human infant during the first month after birth <neonatal jaundice> <neonatal death> -- compare PRENATAL, INTRANATAL, POSTNATAL.
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Ophthalmia neonatorum
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Acute inflammation of the eyes of a newborn from infection during passage through the birth canal.
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Ovum
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A female gamete : MACROGAMETE; especially : a mature egg that has undergone reduction, is ready for fertilization, and takes the form of a relatively large inactive gamete providing a comparatively great amount of reserve material and contributing most of the cytoplasm of the zygote.
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Pelvimetry
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Measurement of the pelvis (as by a pelvimeter or by X-ray examination).
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Placenta
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The vascular organ in mammals except monotremes and marsupials that unites the fetus to the maternal uterus and mediates its metabolic exchanges through a more or less intimate association of uterine mucosal with chorionic and usually allantoic tissues permitting exchange of material by diffusion between the maternal and fetal vascular systems but without direct contact between maternal and fetal blood and typically involving the interlocking of fingerlike vascular chorionic villi with corresponding modified areas of the uterine mucosa -- see ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE.
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Polyhydramnios
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A medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It is seen in 0.2 to 1.6% of pregnancies. It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 20cm ( ≥ 20cm). The opposite to polyhydramnios is oligohydramnios, a deficiency in amniotic fluid..
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Pre-eclampsia
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A medical condition in which hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine. Pre-eclampsia refers to a set of symptoms rather than any causative factor, and there are many different causes for the condition. It may develop from 20 weeks gestation (it is considered early onset before 32 weeks, which is associated with increased morbidity). Its progress differs among patients; most cases are diagnosed pre-term. Pre-eclampsia may also occur up to six weeks post-partum.
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Precipitate delivery
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Precipitate delivery or labor is an anxiety-producing situation that is compounded by the woman’s inability to understand what is happening to her body. Although some precipitate labors occur with little or no pain, the patient is nevertheless aware of contractions that are occurring more quickly than normal. This experience can be frightening.
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Quickening
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To reach the stage of gestation at which fetal motion is felt.
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SGA
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Small for Gestational Age – (Nancy: add more!).
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Striae
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1 : STRIATION 2 : a narrow structural band especially of nerve fibers 3 : a stripe or line (as in the skin) distinguished from surrounding tissue by color, texture, or elevation -- see STRETCH MARKS.
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Toxemia
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An abnormal condition associated with the presence of toxic substances in the blood: as a : a generalized intoxication due to absorption and systemic dissemination of bacterial toxins from a focus of infection b : intoxication due to dissemination of toxic substances (as some by-products of protein metabolism) that cause functional or organic disturbances (as in the kidneys).
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Viable
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1 : capable of living <the skin graft was viable> <viable cancer cells>; especially : having attained such form and development as to be normally capable of living outside the uterus -- often used of a human fetus at seven months but may be interpreted according to the state of the art of medicine <a viable fetus is one sufficiently developed for extrauterine survival -- Words & Phrases> <the fetus is considered viable when it weighs 500 grams or more and the pregnancy is over 20 weeks in duration -- S. W. Jacob & C. A. Francone> 2 : capable of growing or developing <viable eggs>.
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Zygote
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A cell formed by the union of two gametes; broadly : the developing individual produced from such a cell.
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