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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HOW IS HIV TRANSMITTED?
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INJECTION OF BLOOD/BLOOD PRODUCTS
INTIMATE SEXUAL CONTACT PERINATALLY FROM INFECTED MOTHER TO UNBORN CHILD |
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POSITIVE SEROLOGICAL TEST(SEROCONVERSION) TIME?
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3-6 MONTHS AFTER INITIAL INFECTION
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HIV ATTACKS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND DIMINISHES WHAT?
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THE CD4 COUNT
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NORMAL CD4 COUNT IS WHAT?
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800-1000
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PT IS ASYMPTOMATIC UNTIL COUNT REACHES
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500-1000
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WHEN DO INFECTIONS BECOME MORE FREQUENT
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WHEN COUNT FALLS TO 300-500
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AIDS DEVELOP AND SEVERE OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION OCCUR WHEN THE CD4 IS BELOW
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200
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV
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PERSISTENT COUGH, PCP, TB, CMV, HISTOPLASMA, KAPOSI'S SARCOMA, WEIGHT LOASS, ANOREXIA, ORAL LESIONS, LOSS OF BALANCE, AND HODGKINS LYMPHOMA
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TX INCLUDES
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ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
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KIND OF ANTIVIRALS
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AZT, DDI, AND DDC
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HOW DO ANTIVIRAL THERAPIES WORK
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INHIBITING AND DECREASING VIRAL REPLICATION
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OTHER MEASURES
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PREVENT INFECTION THROUGH STRICT ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE AND OBSERVE STRICT UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
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A MEMBER OF THE HERPES FAMILY THAT IS COMMON AND WIDESPREAD, AFFECTING CHILDREN AND ADULTS
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
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HOW IS IT SPREAD
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CONTACT WITH BODY SECRETIONS, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY
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WHO ARE MOST AT RISK
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CHILDREN AND DAYCARE WORKERS
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HOW IS THE VIRUS SHED
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URINE, SALIVA, AND OTHER SECRETIONS
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT INCLUDES
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CONTROL OF SYMPTOMS SUCH AS SORE THROAT AND FEVER. ANTIVIRALS MAY BE USED
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YOU SHOULD ADVISE PATIENTS TO AVOID SPORTS AND HEAVY LIFTING TO AVOID
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SPLEEN INJURY IF SPENOMEGALY IS PRESENT
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HOW IS HEPATITIS B SPREAD
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THROUGH BLOOD BREAKS IN THE SKIN INTEGRITY AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE, AND BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
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MAIN CAUSE OF
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CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
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INPAIRED LIVER FUNCTION RESULTS IN
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COAGULOPATHY AND ENCEPHALOPATHY
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LABS
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ELEVATED SGOT AND SGPT
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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SUPPORTIVE, ANTIEMETIC, ANALGESIC, VITAMIN K AND IV THERAPY TO REPLACE FLUID AND ELECTROLYES
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DIET
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FREQUENT FEEDING OF HIGH CALORIE, LOW FAT, MODERATE PROTEIN FOODS, INCREASED FLUID INTAKE TO 3000 ML/DAY
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WHAT PREVENTS THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENS TO OTHERS
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HAND WASHING
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TEACH TO
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ABSTAIN FROM SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND SHARING PERSONAL ITEMS UNTIL SERUM LIVER STUDIES ARE WNL
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HOW IS HERPES SIMPLEX TRANSMITTED
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PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANE SECRETIONS
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HSV1 INFECTS
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FACE, OCULAR. ORAL
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HSV2 INFECTS
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GENITAL
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PRIMARY INFECTION SX
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ASYMPTOMATIC OR COLD SORES OR GENITAL LESIONS
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USUALLY ABSENT OF SYMPTOMS BUT THE VIRUS PROGRESSES TO SENSORY NERVE CELLS AND CAN REACTIVATE DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL OR EMOTIONAL STRESSORS
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LATENCY
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SYMPTOMS OF REACTIVATION
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ASYMPTOMATIC OR SIMILAR SYMPTOMS AS PRIMARY STAGE WITH LESS SEVERITY AND DURATION
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TEACH TO
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AVOID KISSING, SHARING FOOD, DRINK UTENSILS, AND SEXUAL INTERCOURSE DURING PERIODS OF OUTBREAK
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WHO DISPLAYS FEWER SYMPTOMS WITH STDS
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WOMEN
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COMPLICATIONS
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STERILITY AND NEOPLASM
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INPAIRED LIVER FUNCTION RESULTS IN
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COAGULOPATHY AND ENCEPHALOPATHY
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LABS
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ELEVATED SGOT AND SGPT
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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SUPPORTIVE, ANTIEMETIC, ANALGESIC, VITAMIN K AND IV THERAPY TO REPLACE FLUID AND ELECTROLYES
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DIET
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FREQUENT FEEDING OF HIGH CALORIE, LOW FAT, MODERATE PROTEIN FOODS, INCREASED FLUID INTAKE TO 3000 ML/DAY
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WHAT PREVENTS THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENS TO OTHERS
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HAND WASHING
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TEACH TO
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ABSTAIN FROM SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND SHARING PERSONAL ITEMS UNTIL SERUM LIVER STUDIES ARE WNL
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SPIROCHETE TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
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SYPHILIS
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HOW IS IT AQUIRED
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SEXUAL CONTACT OR CONGENITAL
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HIGHEST INCIDENCE AMONG
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DRUG USERS AND HIV INFECTED
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PRIMARY INFECTION SX
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PAINLESS CHANCRE
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SECONDARY INFECTION SX
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GENERALIZED INFECTION WITH RASH OF THE PALMS AND SOLES OF FEET, HA, ANOREXIA, PARESIS, STROKE, MENINGITIS
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WHAT TEST IDENTIFIES SYPHILIS
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VDRL
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RETEST AT
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3, 6, 12, AND 24 MONTHS
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ANTIBIOTIC TX
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PENICILLIN AND VIBRAMYCIN
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ALSO KNOWN AS
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NEISSERIA GONORRHEA
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ANTIBIOTIC
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ROCEPHIN AND VIBRAMYCIN
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BACTERIUM THAT REPLICATES LIKE A VIRUS, AND IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
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CHLAMYDIA
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SX
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CHRONIC PAIN, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, POSTPARTUM ENDOMETRITIS, AND INFERTILITY
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WHAT IDENTIFIES CHLAMYDIA
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CELL CULTURE AND IMMUNOLOGIC ASSAYS
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TX
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ZITHROMAX OR VIBRAMYCIN
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CAUSES VENERAL WART
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HPV
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INCREASES RISK FOR
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CERVICAL NEOPLASMS
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SX
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PAINLESS GROWTHS OF VULVA, CERVIC, OR ANAL AREA
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TX
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LESIONS ARE EXCISED OR REMOVED WITH CRYOTHERAPY, ELECTROCAUTERY, OR LASER TX
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MOST FREQUENTLY CAUSED BY N GONORRHEA AND CHLAMYDIA
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PID
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INCREASED INCIDENCE WITH
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MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS, IUD USE AND THERAPEUTIC ABORTION AND C SECTION
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SX
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PELVIC PAIN, FEVER, CERVICAL DISCHARGE/TENDERNESS, AND IRREGULAR BLEEDING
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TX
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ABT/SURGICAL INTERVENTION FOR ABSCESS WHEN NECESSARY
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COMFORT MEASURES
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ANALGESICS, HEATING PAD TO LOWER ABDOMEN OR BACK. POSITION FOR PELVIC DEPENDENCE TO PROMOTE INFECTION DRAINAGE
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CAUSED BY EPSTIEN BARR VIRUS
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MONONUCLEOSIS
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TRANSMITTED BY
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ORAL CONTACT WITH PHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS
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AFTER INCUBATION OF 4-6 WEEKS SX INCLUDE
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FEVER, LYMPHADENOPATHY, PHARYNGITIS THAT LASTS FOR 2 WEEKS
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POSITIVE EPSTEIN BARR TITER IS
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>1:29
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TX
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SUPPORTIVE, ENCOURAGE BEDREST AND REFRAIN FROM STRENUOUS ACTIVITY D/T ENLARGED SPLEEN
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TRANSMITTED BY EXPELLING MYCOBACTERIUM TB WHILE TALKING, COUGHING, SNEEZING
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TUBERCULOSIS
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COMPLICATIONS
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PNUMONIA AND PLEURAL EFFUSION
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INFECTION OCCURS 2-10 WEEKS AFTER EXPOSURE WITH
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FATIGUE, ANOREXIA, LOW GRADE FEVER, NIGHT SWEATS, HEMOPTYSIS, PLEURITIC PAIN, AND FORMATION OF LESIONS IN ANY ORGAN
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DETECT M TB INFECTION BY POSITIVE WHEAL 48-72 HOURS AFTER TEST
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PPD OR MANTOUX TEST
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TX
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INH, RIF
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TX WILL LAST
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6-12 MONTHS
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PT IS NONINFECTIOUS AFTER
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2-3 WEEKS OF CONTINUOUS THERAPY
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SX OF RUBEOLA
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KOPLIKS SPOTS ON BUCCAL MUCOSA AND MACUPAPULAR RASH AT HAIRLINE THAT SPREAD TO FEET IN 1 DAY
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TX
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ANTIPYRETICS, REST AND ANALGESICS, FLUID INTAKE AND DARK ROOM FOR PHOTOPHOBIA
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COMMONLY MANIFESTED AS ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
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STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
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IF A RASH IS PRESENT MAY BE
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SCARLET FEVER
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MAY LEAD TO
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GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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SX
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THROAT PAIN W/ SWALLOWING, FEVER ABOVE 101, MALAISE
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MAY CAUSE PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA SX
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TACHYCARDIA, COUGH W/ RUST COLORED SPUTUM, PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN, HERPES LIKE LESIONS ON FACE AND LIPS
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TX
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PCN ORAL OR IM, ANTIPYRETICS, AVOID MILK AND HOT FLUIDS
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BACTERIUM TRANSMITTED BY DIRECT CONTACT OF DROPLETS OF NOSE OR THROAT
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CAUSES EPIGLOTTITIS, AND PNEUMONIA
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SX OF MININGITIS INCLUDE
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NUCHAL RIGIDITY, POSITIVE KERNIGS SIGN, AND POSISTIVE BURDZINSKIS SIGN
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TX
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ANTIBIOTICS, STEROIDS, AND OSMOTIC DIURETICS IF CEREBRAL EDEMA PRESENT. O2 IF PNEUMONIA PRESENT
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ZOSTER VIRUS RESPONSIBLE FOR
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HERPES ZOSTER HINGLES AND CHICKENPOX
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SX
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MALAISE, LOW GRADE FEVER FOLLOWED BY RASH STARTS AS MACULES TO PAPULES TO VESICLES TO CRUST FORMATION
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RASH STARTS
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ON HEAD AND SPREADS TO TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES
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SX OF HERPES ZOSTER
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SKIN ERUPTIONS IN NERVE BANDLIKE CONFIGURATIONS. DO NOT CUASE SCARRING
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TX
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ANTIVIRAL DRUGS LIKE ACYCLOVIR AND CORTICOSTEROIDS, ANTIPYRETICS(AVOID ASA), ORAL ANTIHISTAMINES
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HELPS WITH PRURITIS
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BAKING SODA AND OATMEAL
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