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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do yo udefien public health in gerneal terms?
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public health involves issues of physical, mental and social well -bieng and longeviyt
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As a discipliken how would you charterize the ocmopentns of publeic health/
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public health is the art and science of : prevfnetin disease, pronging life, and promoitng health and effiencty htrough oerganized coommunity effor for sanitation, communicable diease, hygien, early dignosis and prevetnive treatment, maintenance of healht
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What is the purpose of pulbic health sevices?
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toperevent idease to promote helath nd tomeasur eand evaluate the health stus of poualtions
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How do yo defien communtiy healht
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that section of public health which deasl with tissue sof preventive medicne and epidemilogy as they relate to gerops of peole rath than indiviuals
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How doe yo udefien epeidmiology
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epidemiology is the scien of htse study fo healt nad ideise in a po;ulatio. It looks fo rhte ditribution and determinat of ehat nd idease in gorup sof poeole and itask gorou quesiotn who, ehre, hjen and how
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How doyo you define biostatiscs
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biostatiscis is thestudy fo the metods and procerfue sfor colectin gsummarizind and nanylyuzind ata aobut health and isease and for makeing scientifei inferences from such data
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how doy ou defiene podiatic publeic hasdlth
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who cares
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How do yo udiffentiate between primary, secondary and terita pervention
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primary: effotr to vpefent diease befoer it occurs
secondary screening to tret before symptoms tertiary: stop symptoms form getting wrose |
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Who porovides the majority of public health services inthe united states
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the feral government proved the
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how are public health serviceds for state governmetn deliverd?
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each stae does its way.
normally incleud commuicable diesase control vital staistics enviromental santiati maternal and child health publci hedalth lab sevice public health nursing healt education local healt serveisce mental hindustrial admin |
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What were the most common casue of death at the begninnin f the20th centru and how does that compar to dtoday
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Befofe: commuic disease: TZB, pmemonia, infuenza, smallpox, typhus and tyopoid
\todya: heart diesase, cancder stroke, accidents |
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What are thre three compoents of all disease
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host
agent environmental compoents |
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What are the determinatds of idisese
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Inhereitied diesease
enviornemtnal effects infectious process nutritional dieficiency metaboic allergic ageing and degenerative process accidental injuireis cncer and neoplasms |
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how are the risk categoreis for heath care workder sdefind
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category 1 - frequent direct contact with blood and body fluid -- me nurse etc
2 - infrequent : x ray tech EKG 2 seldom - receptionist |
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What are the universal infection control porocedures
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hand wasing
barriers - glove,gowns sleeves, aprons msks, gogles face shield needles and sharps disposed properly, don ot reca fluid spill, chimeicla germicides hospital disisnfectans sepciem in sealded containter instrument sterilized properl, need autoclave of rinstrumets whic invade itssue or vasuclar system |
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What are the agenices involvied in healdth issues and theri respective percent of the feral health care budget?
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Departmetn of health and human services - 755
vet admin - 10% departmetn of defense - 7% Other - 1.5% |
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Whic is the laregest vovemnental agency involved in health care when was it formsd
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deparment of healht and human services
1979 |
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What are the major components of DHHS?
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office of human development
public health service health care financing admistration seocialsecurity adminsitraiton |
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What are thetow princiap HEALTH agencies of DHHS
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heat car fincinace iadminstation (HCFA)
Untied states public health service |
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How does the health care financing admisntration (HCFA) function
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prmary funciton is to run the government's tow major treantmen services - mediacre and meicaied
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What major health programs were provided for in the 19654 amendemtn to the social secruity act?
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establised mediare int hitile 18 and medicaid int title 19
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What di the 1967 amendments to th social security act provide for with respect to podiatric medicne?
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dded podiatrist ot ht list oof physicdians added podiatric care as a covered service but excled services including orhtotics and tretmetn for subluxand and "routine foot care" whic it dfined as corns, calluses and nais etc.
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what ar the bendifits provide for inmeidcare tile 18
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provides health cra for the elderly, blind and idabled
Part A 9involuntary) inpatint sevices $520 deductible extned car services home health services outpaitne dignostic serices Part B (voluntary with motnhly premium) doctos fees, $100.00 decductbile pays 80% of apoved costs. Addition 20% form patient |
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What are the bnefits provide in medicad: title 19
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provides medial care for indigent populations, fudned by the ferdal and state govenmetn, arizona does not provide a medicaid orgram for its residents. programs include aid to the age aid to familes of dend children aid to th eblid and tho thdiabled. It is called meidcal in california
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What are the major compnents of the public health service
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alcohol drug abuse nad metnal health admistiration
Centrers for disease control and preventi Foo dnad drug admistrainon Halth resources and service adminstration Nation instuties of health offic of the asssitan secrataryu of health - ncludes smoking and center for health statsitic |
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What ar eth comopn ets of the health resources and services adminstration (HRSA)
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Bureau of health professions - providces nsational leadership in coordinatin evalusatin and suporing the devlopment and utilizationf thenation's health personnesl.
Indian hela tsevice bureuar of of resources and devleoment buroeau of pro |
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How does the deparmetn of veterans health affairs provide public heatlth?
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provides hospital nrusing hom outpatint medial and denta care ot veterans
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What are the benefits provided ot america's veterans by the va
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disability compensation and pensin
education loan guarnty life insurance medical care |
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What is the difference betwene a professional standards review organization (PSRO) and a professional review organization (PRO) HOw does a PRO functon?
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Professional stndards review organization were established in 1972 to reivew:
hospital standards length of stay review medical care studies reccomend denials for payment Professional review organizations came about when a 1982 repealed PSRO and establised PRO to: determine medical necessity quality of care approiateness of care Died ot DRG's |
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What are the most common types of clincial studies
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prosepctive; follows a pgorup of paitnet forward int time to determin and issue of diseaswe
retropective : begins at hte present time and looks backward to identy data of intrest descriptive: provides a specific snapshot ofvarious demographic and clinical data in as sample poluation. observational:P clincial studies whre the investigator isunable ot manipulat the primary variables. Observations are mde form obsrvionfo realtiy Intervential : experiments hre the investigator is able to manibulate th varibles to test a specific hypothes clinical trials: prospective and intgervntinal case controlled stuies: retrospective and observational cohort studies: may be retrospective or porospecitve, descriptive, observational or interventinal |
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Prevalence rate
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(all cases of a given diease a t agiven time / estimated population) * 1000
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Incidnce
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(new cases of disese per uittime/estimated population) * 10
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False positive
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(persons withou the idesaes positive to test/total no-dieases) *100
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False Negative
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(perosns with diease negative to etest/total disease) * 100
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sensitivieyt : true positive
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(number of positives ithj dieseae/toatl ewiht dieseae preent) * 100
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Specificity: true negative
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(number of negatie without dieseae/ number who do not hav ediseae) * 100
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What are the measeure sof cental tendincy and hwo are the yuseud to evaluat infomration
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means
median mode |
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What are the measures of variabiity and how are theu used to eavluat information?
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RAnge - the largest number of value minus the smalles number
stnadard diviation - most frequently used measure of variabilty in a nomra cure 2 stanrds fo deviations - central range in whci 95.45% of the meausrements lie 3 standrds of divaiotn = a central rangen in whic h99% of methe measuremnt lied |
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What does the term statsitca signeimcance mean
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a resutl whic annot be explaiend by chance
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What is anull hypothes?
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negative reasoning that treatmetn A is no differn t than treament B . If accepted in the study , the ntrhe is isnuffient evidence to preove otherwise
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What is the chi squeare dtest?
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demonstrates whete or not htre is an asociatin beween a facor or attibue and an outocme
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Is podiatry a primary or secondary consultan to the core geriatric team
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primary consultant
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What are the signs and sympotms of proressive dementia syndormes (alszheimer's disease)
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Early in the diease process poroblems of memory, particulary recnet or shot term memor, mild personality chnages, tendncy to widraw from social nteraction my be evidnet.
later itn h disease problems in abstrct htinking or in intellectual function develop. Futher disturbances in h behavir oand appearnce may be sen , such as agitation irritabilty quarrelsomeness nd dimdishing ability to dress appropriately. Patietn may papear to be confues or disorient aobut hte month or year patitn may begin to wansdder, be unable to engage in coversation seem inattentive and erraic inmood, appear ucooperative, and lose bladdr and bowel control By the end of hte diease the paients will be incapable of caring fro themeslves |
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ow are preessive demntia syndroms diagnoese
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clnical presentaiton of deminta sgnificant loss of intellectual abilities; insidous onset of symotm subtly progessiv eand irreversible course with documented deteriortation over time; and exclusion of all other specifiec caseu of edementia by history, phyisica examination., loab test etc.
no specific clincial test |
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What are some examples of reversible forms of dementia?
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reversible demntia syndormoes incle (side effects of medication substance abuse, metabolic diordrs, circualtory disorder, neurologica disorder, infeciotns, taruma, otxins, tumors)
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what are the signs and sympoms of reversible forms of dementia
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forgetfulness in the absence of depression andinattentiveness a, significant cognitive impairment, and change sin emotional behavior or perosnality.
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How are reversible forms of emnia dignose
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based on hisory and onthe tphysical and mental staus examination -supplemented by carefreviw of hte paiente' medicton list and alcohol intake - nd by laboratory investigationsot exclude other casue of cognitive impariment
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What are some exmaples ointerventin stretegies for reversbile forms of demtnisa?
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seacrh anc correct the tratable factor influencing the onset of the demntia
docontinue nonessentia medications, terat coexisting medical nad psychiatric problems family asissince incealng with the condinto |
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What are normal age lreated changes?
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IN gneral elderly pateints experience an increae in body fat with decrease intoal body water.
eyes and ears: prebyopia, lensopcification, and decreae nhigh frequency acuity endocrine: impaired glucose, decreased lungelasticity and increased chest w all stiffenes cardivscualr : inscreaes systoic blood pressure and decreased aerterial compliance; GI decreased gastric acdidty, decreased colonic motiltyu, decreased anorectal fucntin and decreased hedaptic function heamtological nad immune system related changes: decreaed t-cel function increaed autoantibodes renal: decreased GFR and decreased urin gnetourinary related changes: vagina and urethral mucosal atrophy and prostate enalrgemtn: musculoskeltal related chagnes: decreaed lean bod mss and decreased bond density: nervous system relaed changes: brain atrophy, decreased stage 4 sleep and decrease brani catecho and domamiergic sysntehs |
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What ar soe abnormal chage related chagnes
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Thsoe changes casued by disease nto by age:
obesity, anoerxia, blindess, deafness,DM, thyuoeid dysfunciotn, impotence, oseoporosis, ostoemalcia, dyspmena, hypoxia, syncompe, heart failure, hart block, cirrhosis, fecal impaciton ,feal inciontis, anemia, automiune di9eses, sympotomatic UTI, urinary incontience, urinary retiention, hip fracture, demntia, dperession, parkinson's disease, spleep annea and falls |
