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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory nerves composd of 4-14 bundles of nerve fibers separated by preineuiu m and coverd by epineurim are known as?
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peripheral nerves
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The central core ao myeliniate dnerve fiber is known as ?
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The axon
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Myelin is deposited around the nerve cells by ?
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Schwann Cells
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What is myelin?
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lipid substance that acts as an excellent insulator
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What is myelin dependind uon for its continued existence
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the schwann cell nad its adjacent axon
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the lumbar plexus is formed by?
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the first 3 lumbar nerves, and part of hte 4th lumbar never
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The group of nerves that form the basis of neuronal funcion i nthe lower extremity is know as?
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The lumbosacral plexus
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What is saltatory conduction?
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Nerve implses conducted, alon a myelinated nerve, from NOde of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier
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What is the node of ranvier
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A small uninslatioed are between schwann cells.
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What is the distance betweeen nodes of ranvier
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approximately 1 mm
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What happens at nodes of ranvier?
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iONS CAN FLOW EASILY BETWEEN THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID and the axon
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What is the purpose of saltatory conduction?
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To allow myelinated nerve fibers to conduct implses at a higher velocity than unmylinateed fibers
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What happens to the nerve fibre if hte cell body is destroyed at eh level of the sopinal cored
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The entire nerve dies
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Distal degeneration of a myelinated nerve fiber is known as ?
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Wallerian degeneration
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A primary loss of myelin results:
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A significantly slower nerve conduction velocity
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A nerve that injury whic reult s ina transient loss of sensation and/or function lasting from severa days to several weeks known as
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Neruorpraxia
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The type of nerve injury whic results in a transient loss of sensation and/or fncion lasting from several days to several weeks is know as?
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Neuropraxia
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A nerve conduction velocity test for a patient with a neuropraxia would show ?
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a slower nerve conduction velocity
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The use of toruniquets and casts may result in which type of nerve injury
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neuropraxia
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A crush or sever compressiver nerve injury involving dgeneration of the axon is known as?
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axonotemesis
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A severe nerve injury which results in initial wallerian degeneration, then healing is known as?
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axonotemesis
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What is the prognosis for restoration of function after axonotemesis?
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good
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What happens to nerve condction velocity after axonotemesis heals?
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nerve conduction velocity is usually slight delayed
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A sever nerve injury which results in permanent wallerian degerneration and complete loss of sensation and/or function is know as?
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neurotemesis
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A nerve conduction velocity test for a pateint with neurotemis would show?
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no nerve action potentials
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Trophic changes to the skin would inidcate involvement of ?
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the autonomic nervous system
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Pain and or paresthesia radiating both proximal and idstal uon palpation or percussion of a periphera nerve is nown as:
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valleix's sign
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Pan and/or presthesia radiatin distally upon palpation or precussion of a perpheral nerve is know as ?
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tinel's sign
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INjury or compression to the medial proper digital nerve ot the halux may also be know as?
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Joplin's neuroma
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Joplin's neuroma is almost always observed in assocatino with?
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a bunion deformity
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Pain and or/ numbness on the medial side of the first metatarsal and hallux is often associated with ?
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Joplin's neuroma
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Swelling of a peripheral neve due to entrapmetn and/or compression is know as a
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neuroma
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Mortons' neromai is classically located in which web slpace?
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thrid web space
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A patient complaining of pain/numbness and/or burning i nthe metatarsal head area on the plantar foot, near the third web sapce is probably sufffering with?
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a morton''s neuroma
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entrapment/compression of hte superficial pereoneal nerve is also know as?
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lemont's injury
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tarsal tunnel syndrome is due to nerve injury to which nerves?
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tibial nerve
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tarsal tunnels syndrome is due to nerve injury to which nerve(s)?
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tibial nerve
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Which anatomic structures form the tarsal tunnel?
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medial malleolus, calacaneus, and the lacinate ligament
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Excessive pronation, space occupiying lesions,tenosynovitis, canglions, edema, and frature of the ankle, tlaus orcalcaneus my result in
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tarsal tunnels syndrome
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Burning pain of the plantar foot, numbness of hte plantar foot and toes, and referred pain proximally indicates which nerve injury
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tarsal tunnel syndrome
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external pressure from the shoe counter may cause injury to which nerve?
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sural nerve
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Wich nerve courses around the neck of the fibula, an throught he perneus muscle belly?
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common peroneal nerve
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trauma or compression/entrapment of which nerve will result in weaknesa nd/or sensory loss along hte lateral aspect of the foot and leg?
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common peroneal nerve
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whic diagnostic test would be most helpful i the diagnosis of nerve compression/entrapment?
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nerve conduction velocity
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destruction of nerve tissue via chemical measures is know as?
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neurolysis
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surgical excision of anerve onerve scction is know as?
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neurectomy
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dorsal beaking at at the talo-navicula or navicul0cuneiform joints may resulti n:
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anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome
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trauma to the anterior ankle such as ankle sprain or ankle swelling may cause compression of?
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anterior tibial or deep peroneal nerve
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a sever inverion akle sprain may resul int injury to ?
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the superficial peroneal nerve
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peroneal tendon pathology, lipoma, or cysts, and presure form the shoe couner may result in injury to ?
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the sural nerve
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a viscous intracellular fluid which fill the axonis know as?
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axoplasm
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when injectin corticosteroids for nerve injuries it is important ot injecti into or around the nerve?
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around the nerve
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Unconscious propiocepthion is assesed by ?
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romberg's test
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Positioning a joint in the psoistion most likely to compress or stretch the neres crossing it is know as?
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phalen's sign
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fasciculations suggest dysfuntion of ?
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lower motoer neuron diseas
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hyperactive reflees are indicatie of?
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upper motoer neuron diseas
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During anerve conduction velocity test the velocity at which the larger or faster conducting fibers propagate and ismpulse is known as?
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conduction velocity
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the pereipheral nerve is composed of three types of comonents, which are?
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sensory, motor and autonomic
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the most common caue of perpheral neuropatih in the western world today is?
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diabetesmellitus
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bulbous paranodal swellin of nerves at an entrpment sites are know as?
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tadpoles
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the surgical excision of a damaged nerve secti0n is knosn as
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neurectomy
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During anerve conduction velocity test the velocity at which the larger or faster conducting fibers propagate and ismpulse is known as?
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conduction velocity
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the pereipheral nerve is composed of three types of components, which are?
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sensory, motor and autonomic
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the most common caue of perpheral neuropatih in the western world today is?
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diabetesmellitus
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bulbous paranodal swellin of nerves at an entrpment sites are know as?
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tadpoles
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the surgical excision of a damaged nerve section is known as
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neurectomy
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Perpheral neuropathy of a single named nerve is known as
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mononeuropathy
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peripheral neuropathy of multiple peripheral nerves is knwo as?
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poly neuropathy
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large sensory fibers transmit precisely synronized impulses knwo as?
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epicritic sensations
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small sensory fiber stransmit noxious impulses kown as
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protopathic sensations
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what is the most common demyelinating disease
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multiple sclerosis
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pathology pertaining to the spinal nerve roots is known as
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radiculopathy
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when a patient walks wit hsmall steps, nkeeping his knees semiflexed, therby avoidng stretching nthe nerve root he is exhibiting a?
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positive neri's sign
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Any difference in size greater than 1/2 inch in the circumference o f he pateint's gastrocnemius indicates/
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atrophy of the smaller side
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A positive lasegue test indicates?
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sciatic nerve irritation
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dryness of the skin, and loss of sweating in diabetics is a sign of?
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autonomic neuropathy
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The most common form of diabetic neuropathy is ?
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distal symmetricla polyneuropathy
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Gentic perpheral neuropathie smay be due to?
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Inborn errors of metabolism (porphyria, amyloid) storage disrders (leukodystrophies, refsum's disorder) and phenotypic groups ( charoct-marie tooth, friedreich's ataxia
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the peripheral nerve pathology associated with herpes simplex virus is?
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acute radiculitis usually sciatic in distribution
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the neruorlogic sequelae of herpes zoster are?
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radiculitis, myelitis, and polyradiculoneropathy
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neruological symptoms associated iwth viral hepatitis include?
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mononeuropathy of the sciatic and/or common peroneal nerves
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the most cmmon neurolgical sympton of HIV infection is?
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perihera neuropathy
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the most comomn type of peripheral neuropathy assocated with AIDS is?
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distal symmetric polyneuropathy
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The most common neurologica symptom associated with alcoholism is?
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polyneuropathy
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In distal axonopathies with segmental demyelinzation what happens to the Schwann cells?
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The Schwann cells are preserveed.
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Approximation of svered nerve endings is known as ?
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Neurorrhaphy
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