Nbeo: Ocular Pharmacology

Front 1

1st ever glaucoma drug was:

Back 1

pilocarpine

Front 2

edrophonium is used to diagnose:

Back 2

myasthenia gravis

Front 3

carbachol has the same mechanism of action as:

Back 3

pilocarpine

Front 4

mechanism of action for cholinergic antagonists:

Back 4

block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptor sites in ciliary body and iris

Front 5

the Tensilon Test is:

Back 5

used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. within 1 minute of administration it stimulates muscle and improves strength in a patient with myasthenia gravis.

Front 6

neostigmine is used for treatment of:

Back 6

myasthenia gravis

Front 7

neostigmine was previously used to treat:

Back 7

glaucoma

Front 8

neostigmine belongs to what family of drugs:

Back 8

indirect acting cholinergic agonists

Front 9

the irreversible indirect cholinergic agonist drugs are:

Back 9

echothiophate, and isofluorophate

Front 10

isofluorophate is used clinically for:

Back 10

nothing - used to be used in glaucoma and/or accommodative esotropia treatment, but not anymore due to oculotoxic side effects

Front 11

oculotoxic side effects of isofluorophate:

Back 11

severe ciliary spasms, retinal detachments, cataracts, iris cysts

Front 12

pyridostigmine is used for treating:

Back 12

myasthenia gravis

Front 13

physostigmine used to be a:

Back 13

2nd line treatment for glaucoma

Front 14

of the indirect acting cholinergic agonists, the most notorious for their side effects were:

Back 14

Demecarium, Isofluorophate, Echothiophate

Front 15

pilocarpine is used when:

Back 15

there has been an angle closure attack and the patient is awaiting an LPI. pilocarpine causes miosis which pulls iris tight allowing a more effective LPI

Front 16

edrophonium is also known as

Back 16

Tensilon

Front 17

cholinergic antagonists are used for:

Back 17

cycloplegic refraction, pupillary dilation, uveitis management

Front 18

systemic side effects of scopolamine

Back 18

hallucinations, amnesia, unconsciousness, confusion, restlessness, incoherence, vomitting, urinary incontinence

Front 19

standard drug used for dilation at regular eye exams:

Back 19

tropicamide

Front 20

tropicamide is used as primary dilating agent in regular eye exams because:

Back 20

mydriatic effect is stronger than cycloplegic effect

Front 21

of all cholinergic antagonists, ____________ has the shortest mydriatic effect duration

Back 21

tropicamide

Front 22

cholinergic antagonist used to treat motion sickness

Back 22

scopolamine

Front 23

scopolamine is not used as often as atropine due to

Back 23

more serious CNS side effects

Front 24

most potent mydriatic agent:

Back 24

atropine

Front 25

systemic side effects of atropine:

Back 25

hallucinations, tachycardia, excitement, fever, thirst

Front 26

atropine must be used with special caution in patients with:

Back 26

down's syndrome

Front 27

atropine works in amblyopia therapy by:

Back 27

cycloplegic action on "good" eye thereby forcing amblyopic eye to be more dominant

Front 28

drug with fastest onset of cycloplegic effect:

Back 28

cyclopentalate

Front 29

drug with shortest duration of cycloplegic effect:

Back 29

cyclopentalate

Front 30

drug with fastest onset of mydriatic effect:

Back 30

tropicamide

Front 31

antidote for atropine toxicity

Back 31

physostigmine

Front 32

Naphcon-A is composed of:

Back 32

naphazoline (vasoconstrictor) and pheniramine maleate (antihistamine - H1 antagonist)

Front 33

cromolyn sodium is a:

Back 33

mast cell stabilizer