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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what is the first heart sound
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contraction of the ventricles(systole)
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which portion of the EKG is created by contraction of the ventricles
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Q-T
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what us diastole
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relaxation of the ventricles
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what creates the 2nd heart sound
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closing of aortic and pulmonary valves
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what creates T-R on the EKG
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diastole
(relaxation of the ventricles) |
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how many heart sounds are there
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4
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what makes heart sound S1
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closing of tricuspid and mitral valve
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what makes heart sound S2
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closing of aortic and pulmonary valves
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which node is the pacemaker of the heart
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SA node
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which node self-generates action potentials
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SA node
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where in the heart are fast myocardial action potentials not located
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SA node
AV node |
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what causes contraction of the heart
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ventricular action potential
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inward current of positive ions cause (depolarization or repolarization)
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depolarization (line moves up on the graph)
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what does outward movement of positive ions caise
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hyperpolarization (line moves down on the graph)
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which action potentials do not have Na+ channels
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slow myocardial action potentials (pacemaker action potentials)
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SA & AV node
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what does vasiconstriction do to tot. peripheral resistance
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increase
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what type if pressure is dependent on protein content
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oncotic pressure
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what us hydrostatic pressure
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fluid pressure generated from the heart
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3 wyas to increase BP thru neural regulation
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ADH
aldosterone angiotensin II |
"BP will increase if you ever need the use if AAA"
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what is the norm. ejection fraction
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50% or greater
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EF = SV/EDV
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5 factors that increase stroke vol. and contractility
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increase catecholamines
increased intracellular Ca+ decreased extracellular Na+ digitalis sympathetic stimulation |
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5 factors that decrease stroke vol. and contractility
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beta blockers
heart failure loss of myocardium acidosis hypoxia |
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how does angiotensin II increase BP
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constrict afferent arteriole
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where is ADH stored
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post. pituitary
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where in the kidney does ADH fxn
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DCT and CD
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what happens to osmolality as blood vol. increases
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osmolality decreases
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inversely proportional
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what organ produces & excretes erythropoietin
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kidney
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bllod flow thru the kidney
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renal artery -> interlobar-> arcuate -> interlobar -> afferent arterioles
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types of nephrons
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cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary |
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factors that favor increased GFR
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increase in renal blood flow
increased mean arterial pressure efferent arteriolar cinstruction |
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where in the kidney are all of the glucose & amino acids along w/ most of the bicarb., Na+ & water reabsorbed
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PCT
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workhorse of the nephron
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from which part of the loop of henle is water reabsorbed
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descending loop
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ALOH is impermeable to water
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from which part of the LOH dos NaCl leave
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ALOH
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which portions of the nephron are permeable to water
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PCT
DLOH |
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where does furisemide work
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ALOH
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where on the nephron does PTH work
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EDCT
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where do ADH and aldosterone work
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late DCT
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which cells produce and release renin
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juxtogloerular cells
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what makes the DCT and CD permeable to water
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ADH
aldosterone |
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how will drinking large amts. of water, caffeine or alcoohol affect ADH levels
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decrease ADH levels
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what is the endocrine sys.
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hormones released @ one site have a specific effect on tissues in another part of the body
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3 types of hormones
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amino acids (epi)
steroids (estrogen) proteins & peptides |
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2 types of hypethalamic hormones
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releaseing hormones
(-) hormones |
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ant. pituitary hormones
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ACTH
TSH GH FSH LH |
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which hormone has a diabetogenic effect
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GH
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which hormone (-) GH
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somatistatin
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what does a surge in LH hormone cause
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ovulation
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which hormones promote gestation
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progestins
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which hormone stimulates growth of the endometrium
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estrogen
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which hormone allows milk production
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prolactin
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post. pit hormones
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ADH
oxytocin |
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which hormone is responsible for milk ejection
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oxytocin
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3 cell types in the isets of langerhan
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alpha (secrete glucagon)
beta (secrete insulin) delta (secrete somatostatin) |
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what is the fxn of glucagon
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stimulates glycogenilysis (breakdown of glycogen for energy)
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