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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell walls of bacteria, which is common and unique to gram - & +?
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-Common: Flagellum, Pilus, Capsule, Peptidoglycan, Cytoplasmic membrane
- Gram +: Teichoic acid - Gram -: Endotoxin/LPS |
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What are the phase of bacterial growth curve?
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-Lag Phase
-Log Phase -Stationary phase -Death phase |
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What is exotoxins?
-EXotoxins are EXcreted. |
-Peptides that are excreted by both gram + and - bugs.
-Highly antigenic and not ass. with fever -Unstable to heat, highly toxic -Encoded by Lysogenic phage DNA |
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What are examples of Exotoxins?
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-Tetanospansmin
-Botulinum toxin -Diphtheria toxin |
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What gram + bugs have exotoxins?
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-Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-Clostridium tetani -Clostridium botulinum -Clostridium perfringens -Bacillus anthracis -Staphlococcus aureus -Streptococcus pyogenes |
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What gram - bugs have exotoxins?
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-Escherichia coli
-Vibrio Cholerae -Bordetella pertussis |
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What is endotoxins?
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-A lipopolysaccharides found in cell wall of gram negative bacteria.
-NOTE: N-dotoxin is an integral part of gram-Negative cell wall. Endotoxin is heat stable |
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Endotoxin activates what?
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-Activates macrophages
-Activate complement (alternate pathway) -Activates Hagemen Factor |
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Activated macrophages causes what?
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-IL-1 --> Fever
-TNF --> Fever, Hemorrhagic, Tissue necrosis -NO2 --> Hypotension (shock) |
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Activated complement (alternate pathway)?
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-C3a --> Hypotension, Edema
-C5a --> Neutrophil, Chemotaxis |
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Activated Hagemen factor?
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-Coagulation cascade --> DIC
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What are bugs do not Gram Stain well?
*These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color* |
-Treponema (too thin)
-Rickettsia (intracellular parasite) -Mycobacteria (high-lipid cell wall requires acid-fast stain) -Mycoplasma (no cell wall) -Legionella pneumonphila (primarily intracellular-silver stain) -Chlamydia (intracellular parasite) |
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Pigment-producing bacteria?
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-Staphylococcus aureus produces a yellow pigment (Aureus = gold)
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a blue-green pigment -Serratia marcescens produces red pigment |
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What is the functions of IgA proteases?
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-IgA proteases allow these organisms to colonize mucosal surfaces.
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Which bacteria have IgA proteases?
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-Streptococcus penumoniae
-Neisseria meningitidis -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Haemophilus influenza |
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Of the Gram -, which bateria are cocci?
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-N. meningitidis (Maltose fermenter)
-N. gonorrhoeae (Maltose Nonfermenter) |
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Of the Gram -, which bacteria are coccoid rod?
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-Haemophilus influenzae (required factors V and X)
-Bordetella pertusis -Pasteurella- animal bites -Brucella-brucellosis |
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Special culture requirements
-H. influenza: -H. gonorrhoeae -B. pertussis -C. diphtheriae -M. tuberculosis -Lactose-fermenting enterics -Legionella pneumophila |
-Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD) and X (hematin)
-Thayer-Martin media -Bordet-Gengou (potato)gar -Tellurite agar -Lowenstein-Jensen agar -Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar -Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered w/ Inc. iron and cysteine -Sabouraud's agar |
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Describe the bacterial genetic transfer?
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-Conjugation: direct DNA transfer via sex (fertility, F) pilus
-Transduction = DNA transfer via bacteriophage vector -Transformation = uptake of nkaed DNA (which is vulnerable to DNAse) from environment -Transposons = "jumping genes" DNA sequences that jump from one site on the bacterial DNA to another site on the same DNA or from the bcaterial DNA to plasmid DNA |
