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304 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacillaceae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-Bacillus, Clostridium(anaerobic) -spore forming |
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Propionibacteriaceae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-Corynebacterium |
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Lactobacillaceae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-Lactobicillus |
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Listeria
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
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Actinomycetaceae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium |
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Nocardiaceae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-nocordia |
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Mycobactericeae
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-Gram-positive, Bacilli bacteria.
-Mycobacteria |
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Neisseriaceae
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-Gram-negative, cocci bacteria.
-Nisseria |
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Enterobacterioceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Samonella, Serratia, Shingella, Yersinia |
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Vibrianaceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Vibrio |
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Spirillaceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Campylobocter |
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Pseudomonadaceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Pseudomonas |
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Pasteurellaceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Haemophilus, Pasteurella |
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Miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli
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- Bordetella, Brucella, Francisella, Strepobacillus
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Legionellacae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Legionella |
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Bacteroidceae
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-Gram-negative, Bacilli bacteria.
-Bacteroides(anaerobic) |
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Spirochaetales
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-Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
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Chlamdiaceae
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-Chlamydia
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Mycoplasmataceae
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-Mycoplasma
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Rickettsiaceae
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-Riskettsi, Coxiella
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Adenoviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Adenovirus |
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Papillomaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Papillomavirus |
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Herpesviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Herpes simplex virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus |
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Poxviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Smallpox Virus, Vaccinia Virus, Molluscum contangiosum virus |
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Hepadnaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Hepatitis B |
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Paramyxoviridae
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-RNA Virus
-Measles virus, Mumps virus, Respirtory syncytial virus |
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Orthomyxoviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Influenzavirus A, B, and C |
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Coronaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Corona Virus |
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Rhabdoviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Rabies virus |
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Filoviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Ebola virus, Marburg virus |
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Bunyaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Hantavirus |
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Reoviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Reovirus, rotavirus |
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Picornaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Rhinovirus, Poliovirus, ECHO virus, Coxsackie |
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Togaviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Rubella virus, Western & Eastern Encephalitis |
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Flaviviridae
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-DNA Virus
-Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, St. Louis Encephalitis |
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Calicivieridae
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-DNA Virus
-Norwalk virus(causes gastroenteritis) |
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IgA
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- Secretory antibody( mucosal antibody)
-Mucosal membranes(saliva, tears) -In breast milk |
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IgD
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-Helps IgG
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IgE
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- Parasitic infection
-Allergic reaction - This is increased in Hodgkin's diease (reed-sternberg cells) |
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IgG
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-The first to increase in an SECOND exposure
-Most numerous in the blood -Crosses placenta (caution Rh factor) -Anamnestic response: "without amnesia"(antibody memory) |
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IgM
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-Pentamer( 10 binding sites, and non-specific)
-Largest and heaviest antibody -First to increase in FIRST exsposure |
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Interleukin I
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-Lymphocyte activating factor
-Made by Macrophages -For Brain and nervous tissue |
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Interleukin II
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-T-cell growth factor
-Made by CD4 cells -CD4= T-Helper cell- "quarterback" of the immune system(direct the immune response) |
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Interleukin III
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-Made in big bone marrow(long bones)
-In blood and lymphatics |
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Major Histocompatibility Complex( MHC)
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-Act as s post on surface(self vs. non-self)
-Involved with tissue graft rejection and organ rejection -T-cells recognize MHC I -B-cells recognize MHC II |
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5 diseases caused by Staph Aureus?
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-Scalded skin syndrome(by exfoliative toxin)
-Toxic shock -Osteomyelitis -Impetigo (#1 cause) -Carbuncles (many infected hair follicles) |
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6 diseases caused by Strep Pyogenes?
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-Strep throat
-Erysipelas( AKA: Saint Anthony's Fire) -Rheumatic Fever -Glomerulonephritis -Impetigo (#2 cause) -Scarlet Fever (strawberry tongue) |
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Rheumatic Fever
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-Carditis( MacCallum Patch in the posterior left atrium)
-Syndenham's chorea( AKA: st. venison's dance) -Subcutaneous nodule -Erythema Marginatum -Migratory Polyarthritis |
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What does the Complement system do?
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-enhances phagocytosis or cellular lysis
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Where does the alternate pathway come into the complement system?
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-C3B
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What is the membrane attack complex in the complement system?
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-C5b
-C9 |
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Aschoff Bodies
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-Rheumatic fever (extensive= McCallums patch)
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Babes Ernst Granules
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-Metachomatic granules seen in Diptheria
-Pseudomembrane in the throat |
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Councilman cells
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-Viral Hepatitis
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Downey cells
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-Mononucleosis
-Atypical lymphocytes -Don't let Mono get you down |
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Epitheloid Hystiocyte
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-TB
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Gohn Complex
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-Most common in TB(inactive phase)
-Calcium around the Mycobacterium |
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Guarneri Bodies
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-Small Pox (Variola)
-Poxvirideae |
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Gumma
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-Tertiary Syphilis
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Koplik spots
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-Measles(Rubeola/red measles)
-White/bluish spots on buccal mucosa |
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Lipofuscin
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-"Old age pigment"
-Lipid residue |
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Lewy bodies
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-Parkison's (AKA: Paralysis agitans)
-Shuffling/festinating gait. |
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Mallory bodies
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-Hepatitis (Alcohol)
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Negri bodies
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-Rabies (Hydrophobia)
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Reed Sternberg
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-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Russell bodies
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-Multiple Myeloma
-From chronic inflammation and malignant disorders -In plasma cells -Consists of antibodies |
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Active Immunity
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-Must actively make antibodies
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Natural Active Immunity
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-Exposed to the disease -->Body reacts
-Eg: Chicken pox triggers antibody production |
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Artificial Active Immunity
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-Injection of attenuated organism
-Eg: Tetanus toxoid vaccine |
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Passive Immunity
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-Given antibodies
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Natural Passive Immunity
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-Given antibodies in utero (IgG), breastfeeding (IgA)
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Artificial Passive Immunity
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-Injection of preformed antibodies
-Eg: Tetanus Antitoxin (cannot cross the blood brain barrier) |
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Antitoxin
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-Antibody against a toxin
-Artificial Passive Immunity |
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Endotoxin
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-Toxin from lipopolysaccharide layer of the cell
-Heat stable Gram - |
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Enterotoxin
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-Toxin that affects the intestines
-Eg: Lipopolysaccharides can be enterotoxic |
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Exotoxin
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-Toxin outside the cell from the cells waste products
-Heat labile -Cook your food |
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Formite
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-Inanimate object is vector
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Hepten
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-Partial antigen or half antigen
-Does not stimulate immune response |
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Hypersensitivity Reaction
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-Types I-IV
-Pneumonic: ACID |
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Neurotoxin
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-Toxin that affects the nervous system
-Eg: botulism, tetanus |
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Opsonin
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-Enhances Phagocytosis
-"purpose of opsonization" |
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Prion
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-Acellular protein which denatures other proteins
-Cannot be autoclaved |
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Toxoid
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-Inactivated toxin
-Active Artificial Immunity |
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What does -osis involve?
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-Anything ending in osis is usually acquired or transmitted via the lungs
-Eg: Pneumoconiosis, Tuberculosis |
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Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
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-Anaphylactic(immediate)
-Rapid(15-30min) -Bronchial asthma, Bee sting, Hay fever -IgE, Mast cells, Basophils |
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Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction
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-Cytotoxic
-Min-hours -Goodpasteur's(lung+kidney)(Group A beta strep), Erythroblastosis fetalis(coombs anemia), Blood transfusion, Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease -IgG, target cells of phagocytosis -Antigen+antibody |
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Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction
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-Immunecomplex mediated
-3-10 hours -Glomerulonephritis, lupus, RA, Arthus rx(local necrosis), serum sickness(systemic) -IgG and complment -Antigen+antibody+complment |
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Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
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-Delayed hypersensitivity(cell mediated/cellular)
-48 hours -TB, contact dermatitis(poison ivy, poison oak), Transplant rejection via MCH -T-cell, lymphocytes |
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Autotroph
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-eats inorganic material
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Heterotroph
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-eats organic material
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Saprophyte
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-eats dead/decaying material (organic material)
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Parasite
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-eats off living organisms
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Facultative
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-Presence or absence of O2
-Facultative aerobe=prefers O2 -Facultative anaerobe=prefers no O2 |
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Obligate
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-Only one environment, not the other
-Obligate aerobe=only in O2 -Obligate anaerobe=only without O2 |
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Microaerophilic
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-Reduced O2
-High altitude plants -Grown in candle jar culture |
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Symbiosis
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-2 populations living together
-one or both benefit |
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Mutualism
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-2 populations living together
-both benefit |
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Synergism
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-2 populations living together
-Both benefit -Both accomplish what neither can do alone |
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Commensalism
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-2 populations living together
-one benefits -The other is unaffected |
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Zoonosis
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-Transfer of a disease from animal to human
-Anthrax(woolsorter's disease) -Anthrax=G-, sporulates, respiratory transmission |
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Monotrichus
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-Single flagella on one pole
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Lophotrichus
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-Multiple flagella on one pole
-A tuft at one end |
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Amphitrichus
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-Flagella are located on both poles
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Peritrichus
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-The flagella are every where
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Ames Test
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-Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity.
-Uses Salmonella Typhimurium |
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Ascholi Test
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-Anthrax
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ASO Test
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-Antistreptolysin O Titre
-Test strep pyogenes antibodies -Rheumatic fever |
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Babcock Test
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-% of butterfat in milk
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Bile Solubility
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-Pneumococci vs. Alpha Hemolytic Strep viridans
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BOD
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-Biological Oxygen Demand
-Best test for water pollution |
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Bordet Gengou Phenomenon
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-AKA: Complement Fixation
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Catalase
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-Staph( cat+) vz. Strep( cat-)
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Chick Embryo Culture
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-Virus Culture
-Virus obligated intracellular parasites -Cannot grow on agar |
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Chocolate Agar
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-AKA: Thayer Martin Agar
-AKA: Heated Blood Agar -for Gonorrhea |
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Coagulase
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-Staph aureus( coag +) vs. other Staph( coag -)
-Pathogenic vs. non-pathogenic |
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Colliform
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-Checks E. Coli in water purification
-Fecal contamination in water |
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Complement Fixation
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-Hymolysis, cell lysis
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Coombs
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-Test RBC antigens
-Hemolytic anemia -Erythroblastosis fetalis -Rh Factor |
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Dick Test
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-Scarlet fever
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Giemsa Stain
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-For Protozoa
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HLA-B27
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-Seronegative arthritides
-PEAR=Psoriatic, Enteropathic arthropath(AS with Ulcerative or Crohns), AS, Reiters |
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HLA DR5/CD4
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-AIDS
-2+ ELISA test, do western blot -Western blot + =AIDS |
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ELISA
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-AIDS test to check DNA
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Western Blot
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-Checks protiens for AIDS
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Mannitol
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-For Staph
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Nuchal Rigidity
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-Stiff neck
-Possible meningitis -CSF shows lower glucose |
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Paul Bunnel
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-Heterophile Agglutination test for Mononucleosis
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Phosphatase
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-If all of the Phosphatase enzyme is destroyed then the milk is adequate pasteurized
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Quellung Reaction
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-Quellung=swelling
-Swelling of the capsule of strep pneumoniae |
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Sabouraud Agar
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-Test for fungi
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Schick test
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-Immunity to diphtheria
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Schultz-Carlton rxn
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-Antitoxin reaction to scarlet fever
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Tissue culture
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-Virus culture
-viruses are obligated intracellular parasites -cannot grow on agar |
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Weil Felix
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-Serology test
-Positive for all Rickettsia except Coxiella burnetii(Q fever) -Antigen test for Proteus vulgaris |
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Widal
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-Typhoid fever test
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Tzank Test
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-Look for altered epithelioid cells
-Herpes Zoster and Simplex -Also Varicella |
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What are the test for syphilis?
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-Kline
-Kahn -Wasserman -TPI -VDRL -Darkfield |
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What are the test for TB?
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-Mantoux test
-PPD -Delayed hypersensitivity test -Ziehl Nielson Staining -Acid Fast -Chest X-ray -BCG |
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What are the test for Mononucleosis?
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-Heterophile antibody
-Paul Bunnel -Downey cell -Monospot |
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Mantoux test
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-AKA: tine test
-Skin prick test -Test for TB |
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PPD
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-Purified protein derivative
-Test for TB |
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Ziehl Nielson Staining
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-Demonstrates acid fast organism
-Test for TB |
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BCG
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-Vacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccine
-Uses Mycobacterium bovis -TB |
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Heterophile antibody
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-Mononucleosis
-The antibody seen in microscopy |
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Holding/Batch method of pasteurization
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-145 F
-56 C -30 minutes |
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Flash/Continuous method of pasteurization
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-161 F
-65 C -15 seconds |
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Ultrahigh method of pasteurization
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-191 F
-80 C -2-5 seconds |
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Sterilization/Autoclave method of pasteurization
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-274 F
-121 C -15 minutes -(steam heat under pressure) |
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Is sterilization/ autoclave effective against prions?
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-NO
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Inactivated Vaccine
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-Salk, Rabies
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Toxoid Vaccine
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-Tetanus, Botulism
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Live Attenuated Vaccine
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-Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Sabin
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What vaccines are made from chick embryo?
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-Measles and mumps
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What vaccines are made from human diploid cells?
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-Rubella, Rabies, Hep A
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What vaccines are made from monkey kidney tissue?
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-Polio
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Guillain-Barre
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-Post infectious polyrediculopathy
-Ascending demyelization of PNS. -Can be acquired after vaccination(influenza) or infection. |
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Case Control Study
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-IDs risk factors
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Double Blind
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-Eliminate Placebo
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Retrospective
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-Go back in time
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Blue/Green Pus
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-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Fluresces Blue under UV light from Pyocyanin & flurescein pigment -Open burn infection -Unsanitized hot tub |
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Red Pus
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-Serratia marcenscens
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White Pus
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-Chlamydia
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Yellow Pus
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-Staph aureus
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Yellow/Green
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-Gonorrhea
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Formaldehyde
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-Used to fix gross specimens
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Iodine
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-Pre-op disinfectant
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Vancomycin
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-Used to treat methycilline resistant Staph aureus.
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Silver Nitrate
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- was used for newborn's eyes
-Prevents othalmia neontorum( most common caused by Gonorrhea) -No longer used |
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Erythromycin
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-Replaced silver nitrate
-Now used to prevent othalmia neontorum |
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D' Herelle, Felix
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-Discovered bacteriophage, an altered virus
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Ehrlich
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-Magic bullet-Sulfa drugs
-First treatment for syphilis |
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Flemming
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-Discovered penicillin
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Iwanowski
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-Discovered the virus
-Tobacco mosaic virus was the first |
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Jenner
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-Developed the smallpox vaccine
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Koch
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-Proved bacteria "causes" disease
-Koch's 4 postulates |
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Lancefield, Rebecca
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-Classified Streptococcus
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Leeuwenhoek
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-Developed first microscope
-Saw microorganisms |
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Lister
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-Anticepsis, used carbolic acid to sterilize instruments
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Pasteur
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-Father of Pathology
-Father of the Germ Theory -Disproved spontaneous generation -Pasteurization of wine, then milk -Rabies vaccine |
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Pyusner, Stanley
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-Discovered Prions
-Acellular proteins which denature other proteins -Mad cow, Creutzfield Jacob, Scrapie in sheep, Kuru in New Guinea |
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Reed, Walter
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-Yellow fever
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Sabin
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-Live polio vaccine
-Given orally |
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Salk
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-Dead polio vaccine
-by injection -Done before Sabin |
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Semmelweiss
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-Persecuted because he advocated washing hands
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What is Koch's first postulate?
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-Find the microorganism in the people suffering from the disease.
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What is Koch's second postulate?
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-Isolate and grow the microorganism in a culture.
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What is Koch's third postulate?
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-Should cause disease in health individual when introduced
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What is Koch's fourth postulate?
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-Reisolate the microorganism from the inoculated people
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What stain is used for Mycobacterium?
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-Acid fast
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What is the main purpose of a blood agar?
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-To categorize Streptococcus
-Demonstrates the type of hemolysis |
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What type of hemolysis is alpha and how does this present on a blood agar?
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-Partial hemolysis
-Green ring -Strep pneumoniae -Strep viridans |
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What type of hemolysis is beta and how does this present on a blood agar?
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-Complete hemolysis
-Clear ring "Beta is bad" -Strep pyogenes |
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What type of hemolysis is gamma and how does this present on a blood agar?
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-None
-Red ring -Strep mutans |
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What is Strep viridans associated with?
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-SBE= subacute bacterial endocarditis
-Must have rheumatic fever 1st |
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What is the thayer martin agar used for?
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-AKA: Heated blood or Chocolate agar
-Checks for Gonorrhea |
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What is the gram stain used for?
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-Categorizes the cell wall of the bacteria
-Gram+ or Gram- |
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What is the function of the bacteria cell wall?
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-Protection
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During the gram stain, what is used as the primary stain?
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-Crystal violet or methylene blue
-Gram+ = stains purple/blue |
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During the gram stain, what is used as the fixer?
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-Iodine "Mordant"
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During the gram stain, what is used to remove the primary stain from the gram- bacteria?
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-Acetone or ethyl alcohol
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During the gram stain, what is used to stain the gram- bacteria?
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-Saffarin(red/pink)
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What does conjugation mean?
|
-Plasmid DNA is transfer via sex pilus
-This is how bacteria transfer antimicrobial resistance. |
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What does transduction mean?
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-Bacteriophage= altered virus
-Bacteriophage transfer genetic material between bacteria |
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What does transformation mean?
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-Direct uptake of free DNA
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What government agency is CDC?
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-Center for disease control
-Stats not research -Compiles morbidity and epidemiological stats -Part of US health services of navy in atlanta, Ga |
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What government agency is EPA?
|
-Environmental protection agency
-Monitor soil, air, and water |
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What government agency is FDA?
|
-Food and drug administration
-Regulates health products release to public -Regulates product misrepresentation in health promotion and advertising |
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What government agency is HHS?
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-Department of health and human services
-Controls FDA, CDC, USPHS |
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What government agency is NIH?
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-National institute of health
-Research, not stats -In Bethesda, Maryland |
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What government agency is OSHA?
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-Occupational safety and health administration
-Makes rules concerning occupational toxicity levels of hazardous materials -Reports to Health service administration |
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What government agency is USDA?
|
-US department of agriculture
-Responsible for milk and milk products |
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Emerging
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-New disease or rapid increase of a disease in incidence or in geographic range
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Endemic
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-Small number of cases in specific location
-Present all the times |
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Epidemic
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-Rapidly affects many person in a certain area within a few days or weeks
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Etiology
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-Study of the cause of disease
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Incidence
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-# of new cases in a given time
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Pandemic
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-More than expected # of cases of a disease world wide
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Prevalence
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-Total # of cases at particular point in time
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What are the leading causes of deaths in infants?
|
-1. Congenital Malformations
-2. Prematurity |
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What are the leading causes of death in adults?
|
-1. Heart disease
-2. Cancer -3. Stroke -4. Respiratory infection -5. Accidents |
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What is the leading cause of death world wide?
|
-1. TB
-2. Malaria |
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What does filtration do in the steps of water purification?
|
- Filters out the big stuff with screens
- Step 1 |
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What does flocculation do in the steps of water purification?
|
-Aluminum trichloride(AlCl3) added
-It binds to form aluminum salts and precipitate out -Step 2 |
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What does sedimentation do in the steps of water purification?
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-Precipitate falls
-Step 3 |
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What does sludge digestion do in the steps of water purification?
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-Anaerobic bacteria is added
-Step 4 |
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What are the first 4 steps of water purification mainly used for?
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-Sewage treatment
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What does sand filtration do in the steps of water purification?
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-Removes anaerobic bacteria
-Step 5 |
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What does aeration do in the steps of water purification?
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-Adds oxygen to water to improve the color and taste
-Kills remaining anaerobic bacteria -Decreases BOD -Step 6 |
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What is BOD?
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-Biological oxygen demand
-It relates to the amount of oxygen dissolved in organic material |
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What does chlorination do in the steps of water purification?
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-Kills off remaining bacteria
-Step 7 |
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What does possible fluorination do in the steps of water purification?
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-Not a part of purification process
-Neither are distillation or detoxification |
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Describe a tape worm?
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-Flatworm
-Cestodes(common name) -long ribbon-like body(body shape) |
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Describe a roundworm?
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-Nematodes(common name)
-Cylindrical, unsegmented(body shape) |
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Describe a fluke?
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-Trematodes(common name)
-Flat ovoid body(body shape) |
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What part of the tapeworm(cestodes) attach to the intestine?
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-The head(scolex)
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What is the body of the tapeworm(cestodes) called?
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-Proglottids(the egg producing part)
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Hymenolepis Nana
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-Tapeworm
-Dwarf type -Mouth is the vector -Causes diarrhea |
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Taenia Saginata
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-Tapeworm
-Beef type -Uncooked beef is the vector |
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Taenia Solium
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-Tapeworm
-Pork type -Uncooked pork is the vector -Causes Cysticerosis(larvae containing cyst in the liver, eye, and brain) |
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Diphyllobothrium Latum
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-Tapeworm
-Fish type -Mouth/contaminated sushi is the vector -can cause pernicious anemia(B12deficiency) -Yellow fin tuna is most common |
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Echinococcus Granulosus
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-Tapeworm
-Dog type -Canine feces is the vector -Causes hydatid cysts in liver and lung -Found in humans, dogs, and wolfs |
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Shishtosoma Japonicum
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-Fluke worm
-Blood type but inhabits liver -Infested waters is the vector(can penetrate unbroken skin) -The host is snails -Causes swimmer's itch -Most common cause of death by helminth world wide |
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Fasciolopsis Buski
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-Fluke worm
-Intestinal type -Aquatic plants is the vector -Contaminated snail feces gets into plants |
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Clonorchis Sinensis
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-Fluke worm
-Liver type -Raw contaminated fish is the vector |
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Fasciolopsis Hepatica
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-Fluke
-Contaminated aquatic plants(Kelp) is the vector -Causes hemoptysis |
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Paragonimus Westermani
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-Fluke
-Pulmonary type -Crayfish and mouth is the vector |
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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-Roundworm
-Ascariasis type -Oral/fecal vector -Causes Colicky pain -Lives in small intestine and is the most common roundworm |
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Wuchereria Bancrofti
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-Roundworm
-Filiariasis type -Mosquitoes are the vector -Causes elephantitis, lymphatic blockage |
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Necator Americanus AKA: Ancylostoma Duodenale
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-Roundworm
-Hookworm type -Fecal contaminated soil vector -M/c hookworm |
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Enterobius Vermicularis
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-Roundworm
-Pinworm type -Anus/finger/mouth vector -M/C helminth worldwide -Causes nocturnal anal itching |
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What is the Scotch tape or the anal cellophane test for?
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-It will demonstrate eggs
-Enterobius Vermicularis |
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Onchocerca Volvulus
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-Roundworm
-River blindness type -Flies are the vector -In africa |
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Loa Loa
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-Roundworm
-River eye worm type -Flies are the vector -AKA: African eyeworm |
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Trichonella Spiralis
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-Roundworm
-Trichinosis type -Raw pork is the vector -Lives in striated muscle, intercostals, and diaphragm |
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How would you diagnose Trichonella Spiralis?
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-X-ray
-Especially in Gastrocnemius -Biopsy muscle to confirm |
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Trichuris Trichura
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-Roundworm
-Whipworm type -Oral/fecal -Causes weight loss |
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What is a capsomere?
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-A subunit of the protein coat(capsid) of a virus particle
-Viral envelope=Trilamina lipid membrane |
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What is a viroid?
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-ssRNA(single stranded RNA)
-Infects plants -smaller then a normal virus |
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What is a virus?
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-Classified by DNA or RNA
-It can only contain one or the other not both. |
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What is the most common type of virus transmission?
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-Respiratory system
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How is Equine encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever transmitted?
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-Mosquitoes
-Arbovirus/Arthropod born virus |
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How is AIDs transmitted?
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-Sexual transmitted
-IV drugs |
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How is polio transmitted?
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-Oral/fecal
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How is rabies transmitted?
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-By a bite from an infected animal
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How are warts transmitted?
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-Skin contact/casual contact
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How is hepatitis transmitted?
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-Hep A- Oral/fecal
-Hep B- Sexual transmission, IV drugs -Hep C- Transfusions, tattoo,(aka: non-A, non-b hep) |
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Skin reactions of Herpes simplex?
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-Type 1: Fever blisters(cold sores) "above the belt"
-Can be in trigeminal, AKA: Gasserion -Type 2- Genital herpes "below the belt" |
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Skin reactions of Herpes zoster?
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-Shingles in adults
-Does not cross midline -Hides in DRG -Follows dermatome |
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Skin reactions of Molluscum contagiosum?
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-Pink cauliflower lesion on female genitalia
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Skin reactions of Papovavirus?
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-Papillomavirus
-Warts transmitted by casual skin contact -Persistent(latent) |
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Skin reactions of Rubella?
|
-German measles AKA: 3-day measles
-Causes congenital rubella syndrome: Limb malformation, most susceptible in 1st trimester |
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Skin reactions of Rubeola?
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-Red measles
-Koplik spots on buccal mucosa -Cough, coryza(running nose), conjunctivitis |
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Skin reactions of vaccinia?
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-Cow Pox
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Skin reactions of Varicella?
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-Chicken pox
-Maculopapularvesicular rash= red, elevated and fluid-filled skin lesion |
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Skin reactions of Variola?
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-Small pox
-Guarneri bodies |
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What are some viral diseases with enteric reactions?
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-Coxsackie
-Echovirus -Hantavirus -Polio |
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Coxsackie
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-Childhood dysentery(coxsackie B)
-Hand, Mouth, Foot disease |
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Echovirus
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-Also skin rash and heart disease
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Hantavirus
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-Spread by rodents, including chipmunks
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Polio
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-Spread by oral/fecal contamination
-Affects anterior horn -Bulbar=brainstem -Bulbar type produces respiratory paralysis |
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What are some viral diseases with respiratory reactions?
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-Adenovirus
-Influenza -Mumps -RSV |
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Adenovirus
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-Causes conjunctivitis, pharyngitis
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Influenza
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-Has antigenic shift and/or drift
-Small mutation= drift -Big mutation= Shift |
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Mumps
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-Caused by Sidomegalic paramyxoid virus
-pleomorphic and causes parotiditis -leads to lower motor neuron disease of CN7 -sterility form oophritis or orchitis |
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RSV
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-Respiratory syncytial virus
-Causes croup and bronchiolitis |
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Cytomegalovirus(CMV)
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-Latent/persistent
-Birth defects -Causes dissminated disease in AIDS pt. |
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Rabies
|
-"bullet" shaped under electron microscope
-RNA, Rhabdo Virus -Negri bodies in the brain, hydrophobia |
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Reyes syndrome
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-Negative reaction to aspirin taken for a viral infection(influenza)
-Causes fatty liver and encephalopathy -Can be fatal - |
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AIDS
|
-Caused by Reto virus(HIV)
-Reverse transcriptase RNA->DNA -CD4 cell affected |
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Pneumocystis carinii
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-#1 fungal infection in AIDS
-#1 cause of death in AIDS |
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Toxoplasmosis
|
-#1 parasitic infection in AIDS
-#1 protozoal infection in AIDS -Spread by cat feces |
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Kaposi sarcoma
|
-#1 death by cancer in AIDS
-Also can get non-hodgkins lymphoma |
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Giardia lamblia
|
-Causes mucousy diarrhea
-Also protozoal infection but not most common |
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Hep A
|
-Fecal/oral transmission
-not a carrier for life -no sequelae -RNA -"get it and get over it" |
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Hepatitis B
|
-Transmitted sexually and IV drug user
-Carrier for life -Liver cancer -DNA only -Lethal in acute phase |
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Hepatitis C
|
-Transmitted by tattoos and blood transfusions
-Carrier for life -Liver cancer -RNA |
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Hepatitis D
|
-Transmitted by co-infection with Hep-B
-Carrier for life -Liver cancer -RNA -AKA: Dane particle |
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Group A Arbovirus
|
-All equine encephalitis diseases
-Western/Eastern/st.louis -Spread by mosquitoes |
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|
What is another name for Eastern equine encephalitis?
|
-West Nile Virus
|
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Yellow Fever
|
-Causes jaundice(hints the yellow)
-Discovered by Walter Reed -Aedes agypti mosquito -Viscerotropic virus |
|
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Group B Arbovirus
|
-Yellow fever and Dengue fever
|
|
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Dengue Fever
|
-Mosquito carrier
-Arthralgis(first sign) -Develop break bone fever or bone crusher disease |
|
|
5 Major Arboviruses
|
-Eastern Equine Encephalitis
-Western Equine Encephalitis -St. Louis Encephalitis -Yellow Fever -Dengue Fever |
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What is an arbo-bacteria?
|
-Arthropod borne bacteria
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