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20 Cards in this Set

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What are characteristics of monogamy that have evolved due to sexual selection?
Little variance in male
reproductive success
Little body size dimorphism
High male parental investment
Small male testes size
What are characteristics of polygyny that have evolved as a result of sexual selection?
Large variance in
male reproductive success
Large body size dimorphism
Low male parental investment
Intense male aggression
What is the gibbon mating system like?
Relatively Monogamous
No sexual dimorphism in body size or canine size
What is the orangutan mating system like?
Polygynous
Large body size dimorphism (2:1)
Male throat pouch for long calls
What is the gorilla mating system like?
Polygynous
Large body size dimorphism (2:1)
What is the chimp mating system like?
Promiscuous
Female sexual swellings
Less body size dimorphism than gorillas or orangutans
Large male testes size
What is the bonobo mating system like?
Promiscuous
Female sexual swellings
Somewhat more receptive to sex than chimpanzees when not swollen
Female homosexuality
Less body size dimorphism than gorillas or orangutans
Large male testes size
How do humans fit in with monogamous tendencies?
Minimal body size dimorphism
High male parental investment
Pair bonding (love and attachment)
How do humans fit into the other side of the scale (polygyny)?
some promiscuity, some polygyny, some serial polygyny, rarely polyandry (female with multiple males)
What are the key features of the lordosis posture in rats?
hind-end elevated, tail deflected to one side to facilitate intromission by male
What did the study on viewing erotic film clips show?
-Positive correlation between self-reported sexual arousal and hypothalamic activation
-Bilateral amygdala and insula activation in both m&f
-Greater sexual arousal reported by men (relates to a sex difference in hypothalamic responsiveness)
How do inter and intra- sexual selection each correlate with reproductive success?
-Greater intrasexual selection in the sex with greater variance in reproductive success
-Greater intersexual selection by sex with less variance in reproductive success
What are some putative sexually selected traits in humans?
Face anatomy
Facial hair
Trunk hair
Voice
Height
Shoulder width
Body fat deposition (waist:hip)
Which cross-cultural studies supported the association between low W:H and attractiveness? which culture varied?
Indonesia (Singh and Lewis, 1995)
China (Dixson et al, 2007)
Azore Islands, Guinea-Bissau (Singh, 2004)
Eastern Ecuador (Sugiyama, 2004)
Matsigenka from Peru (ideal: O9)
In humans, what part of the brain seems to be related to which sex one is attracted to?
the size of INAH-3 (females and homosexual males small, males larger)
In general, what types of traits are men and women attracted to?
those that are supported by sex steroid hormones and therefore correlate with fertility
What must happen in female rats for sex?
-male must mount as stimulus
-VMH (ventral medial hypothalamus) sends signal when senses steroid hormone levels (estrus) to produce lordosis posture
what must happen in male rats for sex?
-sense appropriate phermones (in medial amygdala) if female is in receptive state
-mPOA senses levels of T, will activate circuit that results in mounting and ejaculation
What did the study of T influences on men's perceptions of attractiveness in faces show?
-in men, strength of attraction to femininity correlated with high T (but only for female faces)
-in females, those with higher T chose more masculinized faces (of both males and females)
What did the study on the effect of estrogen on attractiveness show? possible evolutionary explanation?
Increase in preference for males with high T in females with high estrogen levels
when women are able to mate, want to choose males with more viable sperm