Navy Diving Manual Rev 6 Chapter 6 Operational Planning And Risk Management

Front 1

What is ORM?

Back 1

Operational Risk Management. A decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase operational effectiveness by identifying, assessing, and managing risks. Proper application of ORM mini¬mizes risks to acceptable levels, commensurate with mission accomplishment. The amount of risk we will accept in war is much greater than that we should accept in peace, but the ORM process remains the same.

Front 2

What are the requirements to perform ascent training and operations?

Back 2

a. Must be conducted unless fully qualified instructors
b. Recompression chamber is available within 5 minutes
c. Diving Medical Technician is on station, and a Diving Medical Officer is able to provide immediate response to an accident.

Front 3

What are the five steps in the ORM Process?

Back 3

1. Identify Hazards – Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation (operational analysis). Next, conduct a Preliminary Hazard Analysis by listing all of the hazards associated with each step in the operational analysis along with possible causes for those hazards.
2. Assess Hazards – For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity. Although not required; the use of a matrix may be helpful in assessing hazards.
3. Make Risk Decisions – First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious risk first and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment. With selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the operation outweighs the risk. If risk outweighs benefit or if assistance is required to implement controls, communicate with higher authority in the chain of command.
4. Implement Controls – The following measures can be used to eliminate hazards or reduce the degree of risk. These are listed by order of preference:
a. Administrative Controls – Controls that reduce risks through specific administrative actions, such as:
b. Providing suitable warnings, markings, placards, signs, and notices.
c. Establishing written policies, programs, instructions and standard operating procedures (SOP).
d. Training personnel to recognize hazards and take appropriate precautionary measures.
e. Limiting the exposure to hazard (either by reducing the number or personnel/assets or the length of time they are exposed).
f. Engineering Controls – Controls that use engineering methods to reduce risks by design, material selection or substitution when technically or economically feasible.
g. Personal Protective Equipment – Serves as a barrier between personnel and hazard. It should be used when other controls do not reduce the hazard to an acceptable level.
5. Supervise – conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in place and have the desired effect. Monitor for changes, which may require further ORM. Take corrective action when necessary.

Front 4

What four data items are required when planning for all diving operations?

Back 4

a. Surface conditions
b. Underwater conditions
c. Equipment and personnel resources
d. Assistance in emergencies

Front 5

What type of moor is required for vessels being used to support surface supplied or tended diving operations on fixed objects such as the ocean bottom, a wreck, or an underwater structure?

Back 5

Two-point moor or use a Dynamic Positioning vessel IMO Equipment Class 2 or 3 per Appendix 2B in the dive manual

Front 6

Soundings by a ship-mounted fathometer are reasonably accurate but shall be verified by one of what three methods?

Back 6

a. Lead-line sounding
b. A pneumofathometer
c. A high resolution sonar (bottom finder or fish finder)
Depth readings taken from a chart should only be used as an indication of probable depth

Front 7

TRUE or FALSE - Tide and current tables show the conditions at depth.

Back 7

False - Tide and current tables show the conditions at the surface only and should be used with caution when planning diving operations. The direction and velocity of the current beneath the surface may be quite different than that observed on the surface.

Front 8

A diver wearing a surface-supplied outfit, such as the MK 21 SSDS with heavy weights, can usually work in currents up to ______ knots without undue difficulty. A diver supplied with an additional weighted belt may be able to accomplish useful work in currents as strong as ______ knots.

Back 8

1.5 knots, 2.5 knots

Front 9

A SCUBA diver is severely handicapped by currents greater than _____ knot.

Back 9

1 knot

Front 10

Warm water diving is defined as what?

Back 10

Those diving operations that occur in water temperatures exceeding 88° F.

Front 11

Diving in water temperatures above 99°F should not be attempted without first contacting who?

Back 11

NAVSEA 00C

Front 12

Thermal protection usually needed below ____ deg F water temperature.

Back 12

80 deg F

Front 13

Below ____ deg F, hot water suit or dry suit is recommended for surface-supplied diving.

Back 13

40 deg F

Front 14

Resources and technical advice for dealing with contaminated water diving conditions are available where?

Back 14

In the Guidance for Diving in Contaminated Waters, SS521-AJ-PRO-010, or contact NAVSEA 00C3

Front 15

Air Decompression Tables and Surface-Supplied Helium-Oxygen Tables are authorized for use up to what altitudes without corrections?

Back 15

Up to 300 feet above sea level

Front 16

GFIs are required when line voltage is above _____ VAC or _____ VDC.

Back 16

7.5 VAC, 30 VDC

Front 17

When is it required to secure and tag out the ship Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) systems?

Back 17

Before divers work on an ICCP device such as an anode, dielectric shield, or reference cell or when divers are required to work close to an active ICCP anode and there is a risk of contact with the anode

Front 18

If the ICCP is required to remain active and divers are working within _____ feet, what are the stipulations?

Back 18

Divers must wear a full dry suit, unisuit, or wet suit with hood and gloves

Front 19

When small civilian boats are in the area, what flags are flown?

Back 19

The civilian Sport Diver flag (red with white diagonal stripe) as well as “Code Alpha”

Front 20

What is the minimum emergency equipment will be available on-station for every diving operation?

Back 20

a. Communications equipment capable of reaching help in the event of an emergency
b. A completely stocked first aid kit
c. Portable oxygen supply with sufficient capacity to reach either the recompression chamber or the planned evacuation location listed in the Emergency Assistance Checklist
d. Resuscitator or Bag-mask (to provide rescue breathing)
e. A means of extracting and transporting an unconscious diver (e.g., litter, stretcher, mesh stretcher, backboard)

Front 21

What four factors must be considered when selecting the diving technique or rig during dive planning?

Back 21

a. Duration and depth of the dive
b. Type of work to be performed
c. Environmental conditions
d. Time constraints

Front 22

Specific depth limits have been established for each type of diving gear and shall not be exceeded without specific approval of whom?

Back 22

The Chief of Naval Operations

Front 23

Decompression SCUBA dives and SCUBA dives deeper than 130 fsw may be conducted when dictated by operational necessity and with the specific approval of whom?

Back 23

The Commanding Officer or the Officer-in-Charge

Front 24

All open-circuit SCUBA dives deeper than _____ fsw shall employ cylinders having a capacity of at least ______ cubic feet.

Back 24

100 fsw, 100 cubic feet

Front 25

What is the maximum working limit without Emergency Gas Supply (EGS) for MK 21 MOD 1, KM-37 diving equipment

Back 25

60 ft

Front 26

When is a Diving Medical Officer required on the dive station?

Back 26

For all air dives deeper than 190 fsw and for exceptional exposure dives

Front 27

What is the maximum working limit for MK 20 MOD 0 equipment surface-supplied?

Back 27

60 ft

Front 28

What is the maximum depth for standby SCUBA diver using a single cylinder with less than 100 SCF capacity?

Back 28

60 ft

Front 29

What is the maximum depth for open-circuit SCUBA with less than 100 SCF cylinder capacity?

Back 29

60 ft

Front 30

What is the normal working limit for open-circuit SCUBA?

Back 30

130 ft

Front 31

What is the maximum working limit with Commanding Officer’s or Officer-in-Charge’s permission for open-circuit SCUBA?

Back 31

190 ft

Front 32

What is the normal working limit for MK 21 MOD 1, KM-37 and EXO BR MS (air) diving equipment with EGS

Back 32

190 ft

Front 33

What is the maximum working limit for MK 21 MOD 1, KM-37 and EXO BR MS (air) diving equipment with EGS, exceptional exposure with authorization from the Chief of Naval Operations (N873)

Back 33

285 ft

Front 34

When is a Diving Medical Officer required on the dive station?

Back 34

For all air dives deeper than 190 fsw and for exceptional exposure dives

Front 35

Exceptional exposure dives have a significantly higher probability of what diving disorders?

Back 35

DCS and CNS oxygen toxicity

Front 36

What diving rigs are not authorized for use in enclosed space diving?

Back 36

SCUBA

Front 37

What diving rigs should be used for jobs involving underwater rigging, heavy work, use of certain underwater tools, and any situation where more physical protection is desired?

Back 37

MK 21 MOD 1 or KM-37

Front 38

Air supplies provided to the diver in tanks or through a compressor shall meet what five basic criteria?

Back 38

1. Air shall conform to standards for diving air purity found in paragraph 4 3 and paragraph 4 4 of the dive manual.
2. Flow to the diver must be sufficient. Refer to the appropriate equipment operations and maintenance manual for flow requirements.
3. Adequate overbottom pressure shall be maintained at the dive station.
4. Adequate air supply shall be available to support the duration and depth of the dive (see paragraph 7-4.1 for SCUBA; paragraph 8-2.2 for MK 21).
5. A secondary air supply shall be available for surface-supplied diving.

Front 39

What is required if SCUBA divers are operating from a large ship or diving float?

Back 39

A small boat must be ready as a rescue craft in the event a surfacing diver is in trouble some distance from the support site. A small boat used by SCUBA divers must be able to slip its moorings quickly and move to a diver needing assistance.

Front 40

What is the minimum manning level for single diver open circuit SCUBA operations?

Back 40

4
During mission essential open circuit SCUBA operations, minimum-manning level may be reduced to three qualified divers at the Diving Supervisor’s discretion

Front 41

What is the minimum manning level for surface-supplied operations?

Back 41

5

Front 42

Who may modify recompression treatment tables, and with the specific concurrence of whom?

Back 42

Diving Medical Officer, Commanding Officer

Front 43

Diving Medical Officer is required on site for all air dives deeper than _____ fsw, or for planned exceptional exposure dives.

Back 43

190 fsw

Front 44

For surface-supplied op¬erations, the standby diver shall be dressed to what point?

Back 44

MK 20 or MK 21 MOD 1, KM-37, with strain re¬lief connected to the harness. Under certain conditions, the Diving Supervisor may require that the helmet be worn.

Front 45

A standby SCUBA diver shall don all equipment and be checked by the Diving Supervisor. The standby diver may then remove what pieces of equipment?

Back 45

The mask and fins and have them ready to don immediately for quick deployment. For safety reasons at the discretion of the Diving Supervisor, the standby diver may remove the tank.

Front 46

TRUE or FALSE - The SCUBA standby diver shall be equipped with an octopus rig.

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

What are the conditions to be met before you can deploy standby as a working diver?

Back 47

1. Surface-supplied no-decompression dive of 60 fsw or less.
2. Same job/location, e.g., working on port and starboard propellers on the vessel.
3. Prior to deploying the standby diver, the work area shall be determined to be free of hazards (i.e., suctions, discharges) by the first diver on the job site.
4. When working in ballast tanks or confined spaces, the standby diver may deploy as a working diver, but both divers shall be tended by a third diver who is outside the confined space.
5. The standby diver shall remain on deck ready for deployment when salvage operations diving is being done.

Front 48

When can a non-diver perform as a tender?

Back 48

When the Diving Supervisor ensures that the tender has been thoroughly instructed in the required duties

Front 49

There are no hard and fast rules for deciding when a medication would preclude a diver from diving. In general, what type of medications would not restrict diving?

Back 49

Topical medications, antibiotics, birth control medication, and decongestants that do not cause drowsiness. Diving Medical Personnel should be consulted to determine if any other drugs would preclude diving.

Front 50

What is the reference to provide guidance on suspension of diving duty of pregnant servicewomen?

Back 50

NAVMEDCOMINST 6200.15 (series)

Front 51

What classifies someone as a U.S. Navy Civilian Diver?

Back 51

All permanent Navy employees who have formally trained at an approved U.S. Navy diving school as either a SCUBA diver, Second Class diver, or First Class diver. Commercial divers contracted by the Navy who are not permanent government employees are not subject to the provisions of U.S. Navy Civilian Divers.

Front 52

What are the SCUBA diving (Air) restrictions for U.S. Navy Civilian Divers?

Back 52

1. SCUBA diving shall not be conducted.
a. To depths deeper than 130 fsw
b. To depths deeper than 100 fsw unless a recompression chamber is immediately available.
2. All SCUBA cylinder manifolds shall be equipped with a manual reserve (J valve), or an independent reserve cylinder gas supply with a separate regulator.
3. A SCUBA cylinder submersible pressure gauge shall be worn by each diver.

Front 53

What are the surface supplied air diving restrictions for U.S. Navy Civilian Divers?

Back 53

1. Surface Supplied air diving shall not be conducted to depths greater than 190 fsw.
2. Dives shall be limited to in-water decompression times of less than 120 minutes.
3. An emergency gas supply (come-home bottle) is required for any dive greater than 60 fsw planned decompression dives or for which direct access to the surface is not available.

Front 54

What are the mixed gas diving restrictions for U.S. Navy Civilian Divers?

Back 54

All mixed gas diving shall be limited to:
1. A maximum depth of 220 fsw
2. Less than 120 minutes total in-water decompression time
3. Having a recompression chamber immediately available

Front 55

What are the recompression chamber requirements concerning U.S. Navy Civilian Divers?

Back 55

1. A recompression chamber shall be immediately available for all planned decompression dives or dives deeper than 100 fsw.
2. Civilian divers shall remain at the location of a manned recompression chamber for 1 hour after surfacing from a dive that requires a recompression chamber on station.

Front 56

If a recompression chamber is required in an emergency, when may you use a non-certified chamber may be used?

Back 56

If the DSWS qualified Chamber Supervisor is of the opinion that it is safe to operate.

Front 57

What is the minimum equipment required for open circuit SCUBA?

Back 57

1. Open-circuit SCUBA with J-valve or submersible pressure gauge
2. Life preserver/buoyancy compensator
3. Weight belt (if required)
4. Dive knife
5. Face mask
6. Swim fins
7. Submersible wrist watch, only one is required when diving in pairs with a buddy line
8. Depth gauge

Front 58

What are the principal applications for open circuit SCUBA?

Back 58

1. Shallow water search
2. Inspection
3. Light repair and recovery

Front 59

What are the advantages open circuit SCUBA?

Back 59

1. Rapid deployment
2. Portability
3. Minimum support requirements
4. Excellent horizontal and vertical mobility
5. Minimum bottom disturbances

Front 60

What are the disadvantages open circuit SCUBA?

Back 60

1. Limited endurance (depth and duration)
2. Limited physical protection
3. Influenced by current
4. Lack of voice communication (unless equipped with a through-water communications system or full face mask)

Front 61

What is the maximum current for open circuit SCUBA?

Back 61

1 knot maximum. Current greater than 1 knot, requires ORM analysis. As a minimum the divers(s) must be tended or have a witness float.

Front 62

When is a small craft required when diving SCUBA?

Back 62

1. During open-ocean diving
2. When diving off of a large platform
3. When the diver is untended and may be displaced from dive site, e.g., during a bottom search in a strong current or a long duration swim?

Front 63

What is the minimum equipment for MK-20 Mod 0?

Back 63

1. MK 20 MOD 0 mask
2. Harness
3. Weight belt (as required)
4. Dive knife
5. Swim fins or boots
6. Surface umbilical

Front 64

What are the principal applications for MK-20 Mod 0?

Back 64

Diving in mud tanks and enclosed spaces

Front 65

What are the advantages of MK-20 Mod 0?

Back 65

1. Unlimited by air supply
2. Good horizontal mobility
3. Voice and/or line-pull signal capabilities

Front 66

What are the disadvantages of MK-20 Mod 0?

Back 66

Limited physical protection

Front 67

What is the maximum current of MK-20 Mod 0?

Back 67

Above 1.5 knots requires extra weights

Front 68

During enclosed space diving using MK-20 Mod 0, how long is the Emergency Gas Supply (EGS) whip?

Back 68

50 to 150 foot whip

Front 69

What is the minimum equipment for MK 21 MOD 1 and KM-37?

Back 69

1. MK 21 MOD 1, KM-37 Helmet
2. Harness
3. Weight belt (if required)
4. Dive knife
5. Swim fins or boots
6. Surface umbilical
7. EGS bottle deeper than 60 fsw

Front 70

What are the principal applications for MK 21 MOD 1 and KM-37?

Back 70

1. Search
2. Salvage
3. Inspection
4. Underwater Ships Husbandry and enclosed space diving

Front 71

What are the advantages of MK 21 MOD 1 and KM-37?

Back 71

1. Unlimited by air supply
2. Head protection
3. Good horizontal mobility
4. Voice and/or line pull signal capabilities
5. Fast deployment

Front 72

What are the disadvantages of MK 21 MOD 1 and KM-37?

Back 72

Limited mobility

Front 73

When is an emergency air supply (EGS) required when using MK 21 MOD 1 or KM-37?

Back 73

Deeper than 60 fsw or diving inside a wreck or enclosed space

Front 74

What is the minimum equipment for EXO BR MS?

Back 74

1. EXO BR MS Full Face Mask
2. Manifold Block (except for SCUBA and ship husbandry enclosed spaces)
3. Harness
4. Weight belt (if required)
5. Dive knife
6. Swim fins or boots
7. Surface umbilical
8. EGS bottle deeper than 60 fsw

Front 75

What are the principal applications for EXO BR MS?

Back 75

1. Search
2. Salvage
3. Inspection
4. Underwater Ships Husbandry and enclosed space diving

Front 76

What are the advantages of the EXO BR MS?

Back 76

1. Unlimited by air supply
2. Good horizontal mobility
3. Voice and/or line pull signal capabilities
4. Fast deployment

Front 77

What are the disadvantages of the EXO BR MS?

Back 77

Limited physical protection

Front 78

When is an emergency air supply (EGS) required when using the EXO BR MS?

Back 78

Deeper than 60 fsw or diving inside a wreck or enclosed space

Front 79

How often is the word “There are divers working over the side...” Announced over the 1MC during underwater ships husbandry operations?

Back 79

Every 30 minutes

Front 80

What are the rules for working near active ship suctions?

Back 80

Diving within 50 feet of an active sea suction (located on the same side of the keel) that is maintaining a suction of 50 gpm or more, is not authorized unless considered as an emergency repair and is authorized by the Commanding Officers of both the repair activity and tended vessel. When it is determined that the sea suction is maintaining a suction of less than 50 gpm and is less than 50 feet, or maintaining a suction of more than 50 gpm and is less than 50 feet but on the opposite side of the keel, the Diving Supervisor shall determine if the sea suction is a safety hazard to the divers prior to conducting any diving operation. In all cases the Diving Supervisor shall be aware of the tend of the diver’s umbilical to ensure that it will not cross over or become entrapped by an active sea suction. Diving on 688 and 774 class submarines do not present a hazard to divers when ASW pumps are operating in slow speed and MSW pumps are operating in super slow speed. Diver tag-out procedures must be completed in accordance with the TUMS and SORM to ensure ASW pumps are not operated in fast speed and MSW pumps are not operated in either fast or slow speeds. Divers must be properly briefed on location of suctions and current status of equipment.