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158 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is true with regard to a great circle drawn on the surface of a sphere?
(i) You can draw only one great circle joining any two points (ii) It divides the sphere into two equal parts a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
b. (ii) It divides the sphere into two equal parts
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In which situation will there be more than 1 GC?
(i) between 90oN & 90oS (ii) between 50oN 90oE & 50oS 90oW a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
c)
(i) between 90oN & 90oS (ii) between 50oN 90oE & 50oS 90oW |
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It is possible to draw more than one great circle between
(i) 90ºN and 90ºS (ii) 50ºN 90ºE and 50ºS 90ºW a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
c)
(i) 90ºN and 90ºS (ii) 50ºN 90ºE and 50ºS 90ºW |
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In which situation will there be more than one (several) great circles
(i) between 50ºN 90ºE & 50ºS 90ºW (ii)between 40ºN 90E & 42ºS 92W a) both b) neither c) (ii) only d) (i) only |
d
(i) between 50ºN 90ºE & 50ºS 90ºW |
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The shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the earth is;
a) the shorter arc of the parallel of latitude joining them b) the shorter arc of the small circle joining them c) the shorter arc of the great circle joining them d) the shorter arc of the equator intercepted between the prime meridian and the meridian through the point |
c) the shorter arc of the great circle joining them
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6) When flying from WPT1 to WPT2, both GC and RL track are the same, what is true of both
waypoints? a) Along same meridian b) Along equator c) Along same meridian or Along equator d) System failure |
c) Along same meridian or Along equator
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8) The equator is:
a) a rhumb line only b) a great circle only c) a parallel of latitude d) a great circle which is also a rhumb line |
d) a great circle which is also a rhumb line
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What is true of a meridian:
(i) every great circle passing through the poles is a meridian (ii) meridian indicates true north/south direction at a point a) neither b) both c) (ii) only d) (i) only |
c)
(ii) meridian indicates true north/south direction at a point |
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The line that divides the earth into the western and eastern hemispheres is:
(a) equator (b) prime meridian and its anti meridian (c) the line joining the two poles (d) the international date line |
(b) prime meridian and its anti meridian
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A parallel of latitude is:
(a) a small circle and a rhumb line (b) a small circle but not a rhumb line (c) a great circle and a rhumb line (d) a great circle but not a rhumb line |
(a) a small circle and a rhumb line
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The latitude of a point on the surface of the earth is measured along:
(a) a meridian (b) a parallel of latitude (c) the prime meridian (d) the equator |
(a) a meridian
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13) One nautical mile is the length of the arc of:
a) the small circle which makes an angle of one minute at the centre of the earth b) the small circle which makes an angle of one degree at the centre of the earth c) the great circle which makes an angle of one degree at the centre of the earth d) the great circle which makes an angle of one minute at the centre of the earth |
d) the great circle which makes an angle of one minute at the centre of the earth
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What is true of the nautical mile?
a) larger at the pole by 60’ than at equator b) larger at equator by 60’ than at pole c) same length everywhere on earth d) larger at pole by 19º than pole |
a) larger at the pole by 60’ than at equator
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The average distance between the equator and either pole is:
a) 5400 km b) 5280 St miles c) 10,000 km d) 1/10,000 th of a km |
c) 10,000 km
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Variation is:
a) the angle between true north and magnetic north and it is annotated east or west depending on whether the true north is to the east or west of magnetic north b) the angle between magnetic north and true north and is annotated east or west depending on whether the magnetic north is to the east or west of true north c) the angle between true north and compass north and it is annotated east or west depending on whether the true north is to the east or west of compass north |
b) the angle between magnetic north and true north and is annotated east or west
depending on whether the magnetic north is to the east or west of true north |
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Which statement is true?
(i) variation is the same everywhere on the surface of the earth (ii) deviation can change with change of heading a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) neither d) both |
b)
(ii) deviation can change with change of heading |
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A line joining places of equal variation is called:
a) agonic line b) isobar c) aclinic line d) isogonal |
d) isogonal
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Given variation 8ºW, convergence 23ºE, Grid Heading 131º. What is the magnetic
heading? a) 162º b) 116º c) 100º d) 146º |
b) 116º
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What is the approx datum meridian? Given n=0.79, Variation 10ºE, Grid Hdg 360º,
Magnetic Hdg 319º, aircraft position 71ºN 40ºE. a) 71ºE b) 79ºE c) 1ºE d) 9ºE |
b) 79ºE
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What is true of convergency:
a) convergency decreases with increase of latitude b) convergency at the pole is equal to ch long c) the convergency at the equator is equal to ch long d) convergency at the pole is zero |
b) convergency at the pole is equal to ch long
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What is true of convergency:
(i) convergency is equal to the difference in the great circle tracks at the two points (ii)convergency is equal to the change in longitude a) both (ii) & (ii) b) (i) only c) (ii) only d) neither |
b)
(i) convergency is equal to the difference in the great circle tracks at the two points |
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In which case will you need to consider convergency before plotting?
i bearing from ground ADF ii bearing from ADF equipment in aircraft a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
b
ii bearing from ADF equipment in aircraft |
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What is true about Grid North?
(i) grid north cannot coincide with True North (ii) grivation is the angle between Grid North and Magnetic North a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
b)
(ii) grivation is the angle between Grid North and Magnetic North |
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The earth revolves around the sun along a path which is inclined to the _____ axis at an
angle of about _____. a) earth, 23.5º b) earth, 66.5º c) sun, 23.5º d) sun, 66.5º |
b) earth, 66.5º
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What is true of the earth’s orbit around the sun?
a) it is a circle and varies in speed b) it is elliptical and is constant in speed c) it is elliptical varies in speed d) it is an oblate spheroid |
c) it is elliptical varies in speed
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When is the earth nearest to the sun?
a) September b) June c) December d) March |
c) December
*actually early January (perihelion) |
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The earth is closest to the Sun in ______ and speed of its revolution in its orbit is ______.
a) January , fastest b) November , fastest c) January , slowest d) November , slowest |
a) January , fastest
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The difference in dist for 1 min Δlat at the equator (1min) compared to 1 min Δlat at the
pole (1min) is? a) 1 feet or 19 min b) 60 feet or 19 metres c) 30 feet or 19 sec d) 90 feet or 19 min |
b) 60 feet or 19 metres
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The Earth rotates 360º in:
a) 24hrs b) slightly more then 24hrs c) slightly less then 24hrs |
a) 24hrs
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What is true of an Apparent Solar day?
(i) it is measured from sunrise to sunrise (ii) the length of it varies a) only (i) is true b) only (ii) is true c) both untrue d) both true |
b)(ii) the length of it varies
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The apparent solar day is
a) Longest when Earth is furthest from the sun b) Longest when Earth is nearest to the sun c) At the Solstice d) Constant |
b) Longest when Earth is nearest to the sun
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At Greenwich the average time difference between the occurrence of mean noon and
apparent noon is about: a) 1 minute b) 5 minutes c) 10 minutes d) 15 minutes |
a) 1 minute
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At the Greenwich meridian, the approximate maximum difference between the mean noon
and apparent noon? a) 5 minute b) 15 minute c) 20 minute d) 1 minute |
b) 15 minute
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When is the longest difference between Apparent Solar noon and Mean Solar noon?
a) March and September b) June and December c) November and February d) July and September |
c) November and February
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UTC of sunrise at 59N 36W on 1 January is:
a) 0536 b) 0630 c) 0854 d) 1118 |
d) 1118
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What is the UTC of sunrise on 1st July at 46ºS 57ºW?
a) 1056 b) 0320 c) 1131 d) 0355 |
c) 1131
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When it is 1000 standard time in Singapore on 3 July the standard time in Hawaii USA is:
a) 0300 on 4 July b) 1600 on 2 July c) 0300 on 2 July d) 1600 on 4 July |
b) 1600 on 2 July
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An aircraft flying 270 degrees true seems to see the sun at his starboard side. Speed of
aircraft is 450 kts. His most probable latitude which he is flying is a) 30° North b) 30° South c) 0° d) 60° South |
d) 60° South
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An 8-hour flight is to be planned from Georgia to Gatwick, London. The ETA is 1730, 2nd
April. What should be the standard time of departure? a) 1730, 2nd April b) 0930, 2nd April c) 0430, 2nd April d) 0630, 2nd April |
c) 0430, 2nd April
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What is the altitude of the sun during the commencement of morning civil twilight?
a) 0 deg b) –18 deg c) –12 deg d) – 6 deg |
d) – 6 deg
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In Dec, as compared to Jul, earth is _______ sun and speed around sun is ________?
a) nearer/slower b) farther/faster c) farther/slower d) nearer/faster |
d) nearer/faster
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What is true of the INS?
a) can fly both RL and GC tracks b) waypoint cannot be by-passed c) cannot be flown above 85ºN d) can fly complex curves only |
a) can fly both RL and GC tracks
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What is true of INS?
a) Can fly Rhumb line only b) Cannot fly Great Circle c) Can fly Rhumb line if it is a Meridian d) Sometimes can fly Great Circle & Rhumb line |
c) Can fly Rhumb line if it is a Meridian
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What is true of the INS?
a) aircraft cannot fly more than a number of specified waypoints b) an offset track flown is not a GC track c) future waypoints coordinates can be amended in flight d) aircraft must fly from one waypoint to another in sequence |
c) future waypoints coordinates can be amended in flight
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What is true of INS?
a) Stored coordinates of future waypoints cannot be amended b) Meridian can be flown as rhumbline c) once a series of waypoint is inserted, it must be followed d) programmed waypoint cannot be bypassed |
b) Meridian can be flown as rhumbline
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What is true of INS?
a) An offset track parallel to the present track cannot be a rhumbline track b) An offset track parallel to the present track cannot be a great circle track c) Rhumbline tracks can be flown d) Great circle tracks can be flown |
c) Rhumbline tracks can be flown
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What is true of INS?
a) A track parallel to present track may be flown in auto mode b) Stored coordinates of future waypoints cannot be amended c) once a series of waypoint is inserted, it must be followed d) an offset track flown is not a GC track |
a) A track parallel to present track may be flown in auto mode
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Which is true when navigation is based on an INS?
a) the max number of waypoints that can be stored at any one time is 8 b) a grossly incorrect input of a waypoint position will be indicated by the alert light c) a direct track change of waypoint 1 to waypoint 5 cannot be made d) the stored coordinates of a future waypoint can be amended in flight |
d) the stored coordinates of a future waypoint can be amended in flight
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What is true about navigation using INS?
a) Can not have unlimited number of waypoints in flight plan. b) Can fly offset track but only rhumb line not great circle. c) Can fly from current position to any stored waypoint. d) Cannot be use above 85 N/S |
c) Can fly from current position to any stored waypoint.
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Which is true when navigation is based on an INS?
a) the DSRTK value known is the mean great circle track between the 2 waypoints displayed b) a Great Circle track cannot be flown except when it coincides with a Rhumb Line track c) an offset parallel to the present track may be flown but not as a Great Circle d) Great Circle tracks can be flown |
d) Great Circle tracks can be flown
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Using INS, flying from waypoint 40S 150E to 42S 161E, DSR TRK will display
a) no change either in auto or manual b) change only in auto c) change only in manual d) change in both auto and manual |
d) change in both auto and manual
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For INS, flying between 2 WPs, the DSTRK remains constant. Therefore, it may be flying
on the: a) equator b) meridian c) meridian or equator d) either side of Equator |
c) meridian or equator
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Two waypoints are on the same latitude at 45N. What is true about the DSR/TRK output?
a) Always greater than rhumbline b) Always lesser than rhumbline c) More than mean track when heading westward d) More than mean track when heading eastward |
c) More than mean track when heading westward
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What is true of orthomorphism?
(i) areas are correctly shown (ii) all great circles are straight lines a) (i) only b) both c) (ii) only d) neither |
d) neither
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For a chart to be orthomorphic:
a) at any point the scale must be the same in all directions b) rhumb lines must be straight lines c) areas must be correctly represented d) all great circles must be curves concave to the parallel of origin |
a) at any point the scale must be the same in all directions
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What is true of conformal charts?
(i) adjacent sheets fits perfectly North/ South (ii) meridians and parallels cut at 90o a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) neither d) both |
b)(ii) meridians and parallels cut at 90o
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Which is orthomorphic:
(i) Mercator (ii) Polar Stereographic a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) neither d) both |
d) both
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Which is orthomorphic:
(i) Lambert (ii) Oblique Mercator a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) neither d) both |
d) both
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What is true of an Oblique Mercator Chart
(i) Is Orthomorphic (ii) The Scale is correct along any great circle a) (i) is correct b) (ii) is correct c) Both correct d) Neither is not wrong |
a
(i) Is Orthomorphic |
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What is true of the scale of conformal chart?
a) it is correct but not constant b) it is constant but not correct c) it is constant and correct d) it is not constant and not correct |
d) it is not constant and not correct
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Mercator charts can be used for:
a) plotting in equatorial latitudes b) plotting in all latitude c) long distance navigation d) transpolar flights |
a) plotting in equatorial latitudes
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On a Mercator plotting chart the shortest distance between 2 points:
a) is never represented by a curve b) is always represented by a curve c) is always represented by a straight line d) may be represented by a curve or a straight line |
d) may be represented by a curve or a straight line
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What is true about the Mercator chart:
(i) all straight lines are rhumb lines (ii) convergence angle is used to convert a rhumb line bearing to a great circle bearing a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
c) both
(i) all straight lines are rhumb lines (ii) convergence angle is used to convert a rhumb line bearing to a great circle bearing |
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Mercator plotting chart, the rhumbline between 2 points is located at
a) Polar or equatorial side of the GC depending on the hemisphere b) Polar side of GC c) Polar or equatorial side of the GC depending on position relative to parallel of Origins d) Equatorial side of GC |
d) Equatorial side of GC
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How does the parallel of latitude of the transverse mercator appear?
a) concentric circles around the pole of projection b) elliptical circles around pole of projection c) straight line d) concentric circles around the apex |
b) elliptical circles around pole of projection
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What is true of a Mercator chart?
(i) orthomorphic (ii) scale is constant everywhere when scale is less than 1:1,000,000 at equator a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
a) (i) only
(i) orthomorphic |
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Which is a property of a Mercator chart?
(i) all straight lines are rhumb lines (ii) constant scale for practical purposes on a 1:1,000,000 chart a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
a
(i) all straight lines are rhumb lines |
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Which of the following statements is correct for a Mercator projection?
a) scale is correct at the equator and expands as the cosine of the latitude b) convergency is correct at the equator and increases as the sine of the latitude c) scale is correct at the equator and expands as the secant of the latitude d) convergency is correct at the equator and increases as the secant of the latitude |
c) scale is correct at the equator and expands as the secant of the latitude
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What is true of the scale of a Mercator chart?
a) expands from the equator at the same rate as the secant of latitude b) expands from the equator at the same rate as the sine of latitude c) expands from the 2 standard parallels at the same rate as the secant of latitude d) expands from the 2 standard parallels at the same rate as the sine of latitude |
a) expands from the equator at the same rate as the secant of latitude
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On a Mercator chart the chart distance between two longitudes:
a) increases with latitude b) decreases with latitude c) remains constant d) increases or decreases with latitude depending on convergency |
c) remains constant
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What is true of Rhumb Lines in a Mercator?
a) on equatorial side of Great Circles in the Northern Hemisphere only b) on equatorial side of Great Circles in both hemispheres c) on polar side of Great Circles in both hemispheres d) on polar side of Great Circles in the Southern Hemisphere only |
b) on equatorial side of Great Circles in both hemispheres
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On a Mercator chart parallels of latitude are:
a) concentric circles b) curves concave to the pole c) converging straight lines d) parallel straight lines |
d) parallel straight lines
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Aircraft in DR position 58ºN 150ºE is given a true bearing of 126º from a VDF station at
60ºN 145ºE. What is the bearing to plot if a Mercator chart is used? a) 124 b) 128 c) 126 d) 130 |
b) 128
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Which of the following is true of the Transverse Mercator projection:
i.where not straight, rhumb lines are convex to the nearer pole ii. all straight lines at 90o to the central meridian are great circles a) both b) (i) only c) (ii) only d) neither |
c) (ii) only
ii. all straight lines at 90o to the central meridian are great circles |
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Indicate which of the following statements are true about Transverse Mercator
projections: A) the projection is conformal and convergency is correct along the central meridian B) conformal and convergency is correct along all straight lines at 90º to the central meridian C) conformal and convergency is correct everywhere D) scale is constant and correct everywhere a) A and D are true b) A is true (*partially only) c) A and B are true d) B and C are true |
b) A is true (*partially only)
(* Convergency is only correctly represented at the pole and equator) |
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On a Transverse Mercator chart the convergency of the meridians:
a) is 0 throughout the chart b) is correct at the Prime meridian c) is correct at the central meridian d) varies as the secant of the GC distance |
c) is correct at the central meridian
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On a Transverse Mercator chart, rhumb lines appear as:
a) straight lines b) curves concave to the nearer pole c) curves convex to the nearer pole d) curves convex to the central meridian |
b) curves concave to the nearer pole
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On a Transverse Mercator chart, great circles, other than the central meridian and great
circles crossing the central meridian at right angles, appear as: a) curves concave to the nearer pole b) curves convex to the nearer pole c) curves concave to the central meridian d) curves convex to the central meridian |
c) curves concave to the central meridian
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On a Transverse Mercator chart, parallels of latitude appear as:
a) concentric circles around the pole of projection b) elliptical circles around pole of projection c) straight line d) concentric circles around the apex |
b) elliptical circles around pole of projection
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With reference to the Transverse Mercator chart, at a point 200 nm from the datum
meridian the scale is: a) the same as the scale along the datum meridian b) the same as the scale at a point 300 nm from the datum meridian c) less than the scale along the datum meridian d) greater than the scale at the datum meridian |
d) greater than the scale at the datum meridian
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The usual use for an Oblique Mercator chart is:
a) for topographical maps of areas of little change of longitude b) to show rhumb lines correctly c) to show major great circle routes accurately d) to show North/South great circle routes accurately |
c) to show major great circle routes accurately
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On a Transverse Mercator chart, scale is assumed to be constant within:
a) 300 nm of the poles b) 200 nm of the equator c) 300 nm of the central meridian d) 300 nm of the parallel of tangency |
c) 300 nm of the central meridian
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The Oblique Mercator is used for:
a) mapping countries of great East-West extent. b) mapping polar areas. c) mapping of great circle routes over long distances. d) mapping of countries lying near the equator. |
c) mapping of great circle routes over long distances.
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What is true of the Oblique Mercator Chart?
a) where not straight, rhumb lines are concave to the equator b) where not straight, rhumb lines are convex to the equator c) where not straight, great circle lines are concave to the datum great circle d) where not straight, great circle lines are convex to the datum great circle |
c) where not straight, great circle lines are concave to the datum great circle
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Oblique mercator chart ;
(i) When not a straight line, RL concave to equator (ii) When not a straight line, GC concave to the Datum G.C. a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) Both correct d) Neither |
b (ii) When not a straight line, GC concave to the Datum G.C.
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The main use of the Oblique or Skewed Mercator is
a) to show rhumb lines correctly b) to map countries with a large change in longitude and a small change in latitude c) to show major great circle routes accurately d) to show north-south great circle routes only |
c) to show major great circle routes accurately
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What is true of the Lambert Conformal Chart?
(i) orthomorphic (ii) convergency is constant on all charts a) (i) only b) both c) (ii) only d) neither |
b) both
(i) orthomorphic (ii) convergency is constant on all charts |
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On a Lambert chart, chart convergency is equal to Earth convergency at:
a) the equator b) the poles c) the standard parallels d) the parallel of origin |
d) the parallel of origin
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What is true of the chart convergency rate in Lambert conformal chart?
a) it increases with increasing latitude b) it is identical with earth convergency c) it varies with latitude over any one chart d) it is constant over any one chart |
d) it is constant over any one chart
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A Lambert Conformal chart has standard parallels at 25oN and 35oN. What is the
approximate value of convergence between the 10oW and 10oE meridians? a) 10o b) 11o c) 17o d) 19o |
a) 10o
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On a Lambert chart, the published scale is correct at:
a) the equator b) the poles c) the standard parallels d) the parallel of origin |
c) the standard parallels
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In a Lambert conformal chart, the standard parallels enclose how much area of the
latitude bands covered by the chart. a) 1/3 b) 1/2 c) 2/3 d) all |
c) 2/3
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On a Lambert chart, the true appearance of a great circle (other than a meridian) is:
a) a straight line b) a curve concave to the nearer pole c) a curve convex to the parallel of origin d) a curve concave to the parallel of origin |
d) a curve concave to the parallel of origin
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On a Lambert Conical Orthomorphic chart the constant of the cone is equal to:
a) earth convergency b) chart convergency c) sine parallel of origin d) cosine parallel of origin |
c) sine parallel of origin
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What is true about scale on a Lambert?
a) maximum contraction occurs outside the area bounded by the standard parallels b) maximum expansion occurs between the standard parallels c) maximum contraction occurs between the standard parallels d) maximum expansion occurs everywhere on the chart |
c) maximum contraction occurs between the standard parallels
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On a Lambert Conformal chart the parallel of origin is the place at which occurs:
a) correct scale b) maximum scale expansion c) maximum scale contraction d) the lowest rate of change in scale |
c) maximum scale contraction
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On a Lambert chart,
a) scale expands between the standard parallels and contracts outside them b) scale contracts between the standard parallels and expands outside them c) scale is constant d) scale expands slightly with distance from the parallel of origin |
b) scale contracts between the standard parallels and expands outside them
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Properties of a Polar Stereographic Chart
(i) convergency is correct everywhere (ii) when a Great Circle is not a straight line it is a curve concave to the Pole of projection a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
b) (ii) only
(ii) when a Great Circle is not a straight line it is a curve concave to the Pole of projection |
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What is true about Polar Stereographic charts?
(i) all rhumb lines are straight lines for practical purposes (ii) scale is constant everywhere a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
d) neither
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What is true of polar stereographic chart?
a) areas and shapes are both distorted b) areas and shapes are both correct c) areas are correct but shapes are distorted d) areas are distorted but shapes are correct |
a) areas and shapes are both distorted
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On a Polar Stereographic chart, earth convergency is correctly represented at:
a) the meridian of tangency b) the equator c) the pole and the equator d) the pole of projection |
d) the pole of projection
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On a Polar Stereographic projection, the parallels of latitude are ________ & the lines
representing longitude are __________. a) straight lines curves b) curved arc of concentric circles c) arcs of concentric circles straight d) curved curved |
c) arcs of concentric circles ; straight
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At what latitude does the scale factor of a Polar Stereographic chart increase to 2?
a) pole b) equator c) 60º N/S d) 30º N/S |
b) equator
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What is the maximum in latitude that can be projected for a Polar Stereographic chart?
a) 30º b) 60º c) 90º d) more than 90º |
d) more than 90º
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On a polar stereographic chart, great circles other than meridians appear as:
a) curves concave to the projected pole b) straight lines c) curves convex to the parallel of origin d) curves parallel to parallels of latitude |
a) curves concave to the projected pole
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Two points on the same parallel of latitude subtends an angle of 60 o at the North Pole.
The highest latitude reached by the straight line joining these 2 points is 84 o N. The approximate latitude of these 2 points is: a) 85o N b) 84o N c) 83o N d) 82o N |
c) 83o N
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Griding for high latitude is used on:
(i) Polar Stereographic (ii) Transverse Mercator a) (i) only b) (ii) only c) both d) neither |
c) both
(i) Polar Stereographic (ii) Transverse Mercator |
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With W/V remaining the same, a better G/S is achieved when flying from A to B. The CP
will: a) move closer to A b) move closer to B c) remain the same d) closer to B for a tail wind and closer to A for a head wind |
d) closer to B for a tail wind and closer to A for a head wind
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In a flight from A to B, it was found that better performance was achieved and an overall
increase in TAS was achieved. How will this affect the original CP if the original W/C A to B was a tailwind? a) CP moves towards A b) CP moves towards B c) CP is still the same d) Insufficient data |
b) CP moves towards B
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An increasing tailwind component will ______ the distance to the CP and ______ the
distance to the PNR: a) increase, increase b) increase, decrease c) decrease, increase d) decrease, decrease |
d) decrease, decrease
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For a given TAS the time to the Critical Point between two airfields will be greatest with:
a) still air b) a headwind outbound c) a headwind homebound d) a tailwind outbound |
b) a headwind outbound
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For a given TAS the greatest distance to a Critical Point from the departure airfield will be
with: a) still air conditions b) a headwind outbound c) a tailwind outbound d) maximum safe endurance |
b) a headwind outbound
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On a direct route from X to Y an aircraft maintains the planned TAS but finds its ground
speed to be lower than expected. Assuming outward and homeward wind components are equal and opposite what is happening to the Critical Point? a) it is unaffected b) it is moving closer to Y c) it is moving closer to X d) it is moving closer to Y if there is a tailwind outbound and closer to X if there is a headwind outbound |
b) it is moving closer to Y
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PNR calculated is 1420nm. However, actual fuel consumption is 98% of planned fuel
consumption. Calculate the new PNR. a) 1392nm b) 1448nm c) 1400nm d) no change |
b) 1448nm
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When flying from A to B an error in the forecasted wind was discovered. Instead of a 30kt
head wind it was found to be a 30kt tail wind. What is the effect on the original PNR? a) PNR moves towards A b) PNR moves towards B c) PNR is still the same d) PNR may move towards A or B |
c) PNR is still the same
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Two aircraft are on a collision course, the relative bearing between the two aircraft if the
velocity and heading are maintained, is a) constant provided the bearing is the same b) always changing c) constant provided the velocity is the same d) always constant |
d) always constant
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If 10,900 litres of fuel weigh 19,400 lb, the specific gravity is:
a) 0.79 b) 0.81 c) 0.83 d) 0.84 |
b) 0.81
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Aircraft A leaves [60oS, 150oE] heading 090o. Aircraft B leaves the same point at the
same speed and time, heading 180o towards the South Pole. Which meridian should aircraft B travel northward at the South Pole in order to meet aircraft A at 60oS. a) 150E b) 120W c) 120E d) 90W |
d) 90W
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Find US Gal/hr. Ground speed = 440. SG = 0.75. fuel consumption = 14.91kg/gnm
a) 2310 b) 1920 c) 8750 d) 1730 |
a) 2310
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For landing on runway 010o(M), a headwind component of at least 10 kts is required and
the crosswind component must not exceed 25 kts. For a wind direction of 310o(M) the wind speed must be between: a) 12 kts and 35 kts b) 20 kts and 29 kts c) 26 kts and 34 kts d) 40 kts and 49 kts |
b) 20 kts and 29 kts
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An aircraft has maximum crosswind component limit of 25kt and needs a minimum
headwind of 8kt. The difference between runway and wind direction is 40°. The approximate acceptable wind speed should be between? a) 11kt and 39kt b) 11kt and 33kt c) 13kt and 39kt d) 13kt and 33kt |
a) 11kt and 39kt
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Aircraft A velocity is 200/430. Aircraft B is 290/370. Both are converging. Find relative
velocity between them. a) 640 b) 550 c) 610 d) 580 |
d) 580
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Runway is 255deg true, wind is 285/30, what is the crosswind component?
a) 18kt Right to left b) 9kt Right to Left c) 9kt Left to Right d) 18kt Left to Right |
a) 18kt Right to left
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The convergency of meridians on the earth :
a) is equal to the difference in longitude at the equator b) is equal to the difference in latitude at the equator c) decrease with latitude d) increase with latitude |
d) increase with latitude
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In the southern hemisphere, when great circles and rhumb lines do not follow the same
path, the rhumb line direction will be: a) concave to the equator b) convex to the pole c) concave to the pole d) a straight line |
c) concave to the pole
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A nautical mile is defined as the arc on the surface of the earth subtended by one minute
of: a) latitude, at the center of the earth b) either longitude or latitude, at the center of the earth c) longitude, at any parallel d) change of longitude |
a) latitude, at the center of the earth
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The earth distance between two points along a meridian is equal to:
a) the change in latitude between the places expressed in minutes b) the change of latitude expressed in degrees c) the difference in longitude between the two places expressed in minutes d) the difference in longitude between the two places |
a) the change in latitude between the places expressed in minutes
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The convergency between two meridians can be calculated from the formula:
a) convergency = change longitude x sin latitude b) convergency = ½ change longitude x sin latitude c) convergency = change longitude x cos latitude d) convergency = change longitude expressed in minutes x cos latitude |
a) convergency = change longitude x sin latitude
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In the southern hemisphere, the initial great circle track from A to B is 100T. if the
convergency of meridians passing through A and B is 20, the great circle track from B to A is: a) 280 T b) 260 T c) 080 T d) 300 T |
b) 260 T
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If the great circle track A to B is 300T. the RL track from B to A is 140T. Therefore A
and B are: a) in the Northern hemisphere b) in the Southern hemisphere c) can be in either hemisphere d) at the equator |
b) in the Southern hemisphere
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What is true of convergency:
a) convergency increases with decrease of latitude b) the convergency at the equator is equal to ch. Long c) convergency is equal to the difference in the great circle bearing measured at the 2 meridians d) convergency at the pole is zero |
c) convergency is equal to the difference in the great circle bearing measured at the 2
meridians |
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A fuel flow of 9 kg/km converted to lb/nm is
a) 7.55 b) 19.8 c) 36.5 d) 10.7 |
c) 36.5
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The fuel efficiency is 0.107gnm/kg, TAS is 380 kts, wind component –45kts, the fuel flow
in kg/hr is a) 3970 kg/hr b) 35 kg/hr c) 3130 kg/hr d) 45 kg/hr |
c) 3130 kg/hr
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The length of the nautical mile is:
a) longer at the equator by 60 feet than by the pole b) constant everywhere c) shorter at the equator by 60 feet than at the pole d) shorter at the equator by 19 feet than at the pole |
c) shorter at the equator by 60 feet than at the pole
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The example of rhumb lines which are also great circles are
a) Meridian and parallel of latitude b) Equator only c) Meridian and the equator d) Equator and parallel of latitude |
c) Meridian and the equator
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Which of these statements about Earth convergency is false?
a) It is the angle that any two meridians converge on the Earth b) It is the angle that a great circle bearing changes as it passes across two meridians c) The angle of earth convergency between meridians at the equator is d. long d) The angle between two meridians at the pole is d. Long |
c) The angle of earth convergency between meridians at the equator is d. long
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The scale of a chart is 1:500,000. the chart length in inches which represents 435km is:
a) 3.4 b) 87.0 c) 8.7 d) 34.0 |
d) 34.0
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The appearance of a great circle on a Lambert chart is:
a) Exactly a straight line b) Curve convex to the nearer pole c) Curve concave to the parallel of origin d) Curve convex to the equator |
c) Curve concave to the parallel of origin
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On a Lambert chart:
a) Rhumbline is considered a straight line for all practical purposes b) The scale expands as the secant of latitude c) The rhumb line track can be obtained by measuring the great circle track at the mid meridian d) The great circles are straight line only at the standard parallel |
c) The rhumb line track can be obtained by measuring the great circle track at the mid
meridian |
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The convergency on a lambert chart is:
a) zero b) constant and equal to earth convergency at the parallel of origin c) constant and equal to earth convergency at the standard parallel d) varies but equal to earth convergency at the parallel of origin |
b) constant and equal to earth convergency at the parallel of origin
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An aircraft flying from A to B distance of 93nm heading 222M is found to be 3nm
starboard of track at a point 31nm from A. the new heading required to parallel the original track is: a) 210 b) 216 c) 228 d) 236 |
b) 216
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Which of these is not a property of an orthomorphic(conformal) chart
a) Bearings are correct b) Areas are correctly represented c) All meridians and parallel cross at right angle d) Shapes of small areas are correct |
b) Areas are correctly represented
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On a Mercator chart, most great circles are:
a) curves concave to the equator b) curves concave to the nearer pole c) curves convex to the parallel of origin d) straight lines |
a) curves concave to the equator
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On a Lambert conformal conic chart, most rhumb lines appear as:
a) straight lines b) curves concave to the pole of projection c) curve concave to the parallel of origin d) curve concave to the equator |
b) curves concave to the pole of projection
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On a Lambert conformal conic chart, chart convergency equals earth convergency at the:
a) Equator b) Standard parallels c) Parallel of origins d) Central meridian |
c) Parallel of origins
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On a lambert chart, earth convergency is correctly represented at:
a) the standard parallels b) the axis of projection c) the parallel of origin d) the great circle of tangency |
c) the parallel of origin
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The scale of a Mercator chart is 1:729,600 at the equator. The chart length in inches
between meridians 1 degress apart at 47N is a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7 |
c) 6
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What is true with regards to Mercator charts
(i) They are orthomorphic (ii) The convergency is same on all charts a) only (i) is true b) only (ii) is true c) both (i) and (ii) are true d) neither is true |
c) both (i) and (ii) are true
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The light source of a polar stereographic is at the _____ and the convergency factor is
_______. a) centre less than one b) centre one c) opposite pole less than one d) opposite pole one |
d) opposite pole one
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What is true of a GC on the Mercator.
a) is concave to the equator b) is on the equatorial side of the rhumb line in both hemisphere c) is concave to the nearer pole d) is never a straight line |
a) is concave to the equator
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What is true of a rhumb line on a Lambert chart
a) can always be considered a straight line for practical purposes b) is on the equatorial side of the great circle in both hemisphere c) is a curve concave to the parallel of origin d) is always a straight line |
b) is on the equatorial side of the great circle in both hemisphere
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The groundspeed is 510 kts, fuel flow = 35.7 kg/nm. How much fuel will be required in
US gallon / hr (SG 0.79) a) 6380 b) 6070 c) 5070 d) 3280 |
b) 6070
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On a Lambert conformal chart, convergency is _______ and _______ everywhere else.
a) Constant correct b) not constant not correct c) constant not correct d) not constant correct |
c) constant not correct
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To receive signals from a DME installation of elevation 625 feet. An aircraft at a range of
100nm from it must have an altitude of a) 10,000 feet b) 6400 feet c) 5114 feet d) 3025 feet |
d) 3025 feet
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If the fuel consumption is higher than the forecast but other factors are unchanged, the
effect on the distance to CP/PNR will be a) Increased CP distance - reduce PNR distance b) No effect on CP - reduced PNR distance c) No effect on CP - increased PNR distance d) Decreased CP and PNR distance |
b) No effect on CP - reduced PNR distance
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The length of a tropical year is
a) less than a sidereal year b) More than a sidereal year c) The same length as a sidereal year d) 365 days and 6 hrs |
a) less than a sidereal year
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On an oblique Mercator chart, scale can be considered constant
a) near the poles b) near the equator c) near the parallel of origin d) near the great circle of tangency |
d) near the great circle of tangency
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When plotting on a Mercator chart in temperate latitudes:
a) convergency must be applied to radio bearings to turn them into straight lines on the chart b) convergency must be applied to radio bearings to turn them into great circle bearings on the chart c) half the convergency must be applied to radio bearings to make them straight lines on the chart d) half the convergency must be applied to radio bearing to turn them into great circle bearing on the chart |
c) half the convergency must be applied to radio bearings to make them straight lines
on the chart |
