Navedtra 14194 Neets Module 22 Ch.2 - Navy Advancement Study

Front 1

What is the brain of a computer system?

Back 1

The central processing unit.

Front 2

How many sections make up the central processing unit?

Back 2

Three.

Front 3

What are the names of the sections that make up the cpu?

Back 3

Control section, internal storage section, and arithmetic-logic section.

Front 4

The control section can be compared to what?

Back 4

A telephone exchange.

Front 5

What are the four major types of instructions in the control section?

Back 5

Transfer, arithmetic, logic, and control.

Front 6

What capability allows the arithmetic/logic section to test various conditions encountered during
processing and take action based on the result?

Back 6

Logic.

Front 7

In the arithmetic/logic section, data is returned to what section after processing?

Back 7

Internal storage.

Front 8

What is the process by which instructions and data are read into a computer?

Back 8

Loading.

Front 9

Magnetic core storage is made up of what?

Back 9

Tiny doughnut-shaped rings made of ferrite iron.

Front 10

A semiconductor memory consists of what?

Back 10

Hundreds of thousands of tiny electronic circuits etched on a silicon chip.

Front 11

What is another name for semiconductor memory chips?

Back 11

Integrated circuits.

Front 12

In computer storage, what does volatile mean?

Back 12

All data in memory is lost when the power source is removed.

Front 13

What type of storage can retain its data even if there is a power failure or breakdown?

Back 13

Nonvolatile (magnetic core storage and bubble memory are examples).

Front 14

Bubble memory consists of what?

Back 14

A very thin crystal made of semiconductor material.

Front 15

How are the magnetic domains of a bubble memory switched?

Back 15

By passing a current through a control circuit imprinted on top of the crystal.

Front 16

What do we mean when we say that reading from bubble memory is nondestructive?

Back 16

The data is still present after being read.

Front 17

In what type of memory are often used instructions and programs permanently stored inside the
computer?

Back 17

Read-only memory (ROM).

Front 18

Who provides the programs stored in ROM?

Back 18

Only the manufacturer.

Front 19

Can programs in ROM be changed?

Back 19

No.

Front 20

What is another name for random-access memory (RAM)?

Back 20

No.

Front 21

How is data read from or written into RAM?

Back 21

By giving the computer the address of the location where the data is stored or is to be stored.

Front 22

In what two states can programmable read-only memory (PROM) be purchased?

Back 22

Already programmed by the manufacturer or in a blank state.

Front 23

What is the main disadvantage of PROM?

Back 23

If a mistake is made and entered, it cannot be corrected or erased.

Front 24

What does EPROM stand for?

Back 24

Erasable programmable read-only memory.

Front 25

How is EPROM erased?

Back 25

With a burst of ultra-violet light.

Front 26

Why are disk storage devices popular?

Back 26

Largely because of their direct access capabilities.

Front 27

How is data stored on all disks?

Back 27

In a number of invisible concentric circles called tracks.

Front 28

What precedes each record on a disk?

Back 28

A disk address.

Front 29

How is the storage capacity of a disk determined?

Back 29

By the bits per inch of track and the tracks per inch of surface.

Front 30

What two ways can data be physically organized on a disk pack?

Back 30

By cylinder or sector.

Front 31

The amount of data that can be stored on a linear inch of tape is known by what term?

Back 31

Recording density.

Front 32

The length of tape between BOT and EOT is referred to by what term?

Back 32

The usable recording (reading/writing) surface or usable storage area.

Front 33

How does a magnetic drum differ from a magnetic disk?

Back 33

The tracks in which the data is stored are assigned to channels that form circular bands around
the drum.

Front 34

Tracks on each channel of a magnetic drum are grouped into what?

Back 34

Sectors.

Front 35

What is the purpose of any magnetic tape unit?

Back 35

To write data on or read data from a magnetic tape.

Front 36

What are the major differences between magnetic tape units?

Back 36

The speed at which the tape is moved past the read/write head and the density of the recorded
information.

Front 37

Why is direct accessing of data a big advantage over the sequential accessing of data?

Back 37

It gives us fast, immediate access to specific data without having to examine each and every
record from the beginning.

Front 38

What is a floppy disk?

Back 38

A thin, flexible platter coated with magnetic material so characters can be recorded.

Front 39

What are the three most common sizes of floppy disks?

Back 39

8 inch, 5 1/4 inch, and 3 1/2 inch.

Front 40

What output device expresses coded characters as hard copy (paper documents)?

Back 40

Printers.

Front 41

What four types of printers are commonly used with personal computers?

Back 41

Daisy-wheel, dot-matrix, ink jet, and laser.

Front 42

What is the primary purpose of a keyboard?

Back 42

To enter or input alphanumeric character codes.

Front 43

Raster scan or tv scan video monitors are used extensively for what purpose?

Back 43

The display of alphanumeric data and graphics.

Front 44

How many fields make up a frame?

Back 44

Two.

Front 45

A field is approximately how many horizontal lines?

Back 45

525.

Front 46

What are picture elements often called?

Back 46

Pixels or pels.

Front 47

Vertical resolution depends on what?

Back 47

The number of horizontal scan lines used.

Front 48

Flat panel displays are designed to reduce what problem of a crt display?

Back 48

Reduce the depth of the crt display caused by the length of the tube.

Front 49

What does the liquid crystal display require for computer applications?

Back 49

An external light source, called a backlight.