Natural Products Lecture 3

Front 1

True or False
U.S. Pharmacopeia is a governmental agency.

Back 1

False
Non-governmental

Front 2

What is DSVP?

Back 2

The USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program is a voluntary testing and auditing program that helps dietary supplement manufactures ensure the production of quality products for consumers.

Front 3

How does the U.S. Pharmacopeia raise money?

Back 3

By selling reference books and providing reference standards for all drugs that companies order.

Front 4

How would a consumer know that a product has been processed by U.S. Pharmacopeia standards?

Back 4

Stickers with USP are placed on the products.

Front 5

True or False
Monographs tell a products indications and efficacy.

Back 5

False
They tell you what the drug has to have to meet market standards. Tells you things like how much mercury is allowed to be present.

Front 6

Purpurea, augustafolia, and pallida are all species of _____________.

Back 6

Echinaceae

Front 7

True or False
Various formulations can contain either the plant root, leaves, or flower.

Back 7

True

Front 8

What is the traditional use of Echinaceae?

Back 8

Native americans used it to fight off infections.

Front 9

What is the MOA of echinaceae?

Back 9

Non-specific immune stimulation (phagocytosis is stimulated).

Front 10

True or False
Echinaceae can be classified as an antibiotic.

Back 10

False

Front 11

Name (4) medicinally active chemicals present in echinaceae.

Back 11

Cichoic Acid
Alkyl amides
Polysaccharides
Melanin

Front 12

When should you begin taking echinaceae?

Back 12

Once you began to feel the symptoms of cold/flu.

Front 13

Is there a maximum amount of time you should take echinaceae?

Back 13

Yes. Do not take it for more than 8 weeks.

Front 14

Which part of echinaceae is taken to reduce the severity of cold/flu?

Back 14

Usually the whole herb.

Front 15

What are the herbal uses of garlic?

Back 15

Cholesterol and blood pressure lowering properties. Also has antibacterial activity.

Front 16

Garlic contains an odorless sulfur containing amino acid derivative called _________.

Back 16

Allin

Front 17

When allin is crushed or put in the mouth, it undergoes enzymatic degradation to what disulfide compound?

Back 17

Allicin

Front 18

True or False
Allin is the sulfur-containing compound that causes garlic to have an odor.

Back 18

False
Allicin

Front 19

What formulation can be used to avoid the garlic odor?

Back 19

Enteric-coated products, which distribute into the upper part of lower intestines.

Front 20

True or False
Regular garlic intake will result in a large reduction of total cholesterol.

Back 20

False.
At best, 10% lowering. Genetics have more of an effect.

Front 21

What drug interaction may result if a patient is on an anticoagulant and regularly taking garlic?

Back 21

Garlic causes blood thinning.

Front 22

What interactions may result if a patient is regularly taking garlic and is a diabetic?

Back 22

Garlic increases insulin and may result in hypoglycemia if the patient is taking insulin.

Front 23

What are the major uses of Gingko biloba?

Back 23

To increase mental alertness and improve memory.

Front 24

What is the MOA of Gingko biloba?

Back 24

Cerebral stimulants

Front 25

What are two classes of Gingko biloba?

Back 25

Flavonoids (24%)
Terpenes (6%)

Front 26

True or False
Flavonoids do not have antioxidant properties.

Back 26

False

Front 27

What is the active group of terpenes?

Back 27

Ginkolides (Cerebral stimulants)
Neuroprotective properties

Front 28

Is gingko recommended anytime prior to surgery?

Back 28

No

Front 29

True or False
Heparin/Coumadin should be taken concomittantly with gingko.

Back 29

False

Front 30

True or False
Gingko alters metabolism of other drugs metabolized by the liver.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Do scientific studies support improvement in Alzheimer's Disease or dementia type patients? What about normal patients?

Back 31

No.
No.

Front 32

Which herbal has been used to improve BPH in aging/elderly males?

Back 32

Saw Palmetto

Front 33

What is the most common sterol in Saw Palmetto?

Back 33

Beta-sitosterol. It is very fat-like and lipid soluble.

Front 34

How long might it take saw palmetto to work?

Back 34

Weeks to months so other drugs are recommended.

Front 35

True or False
Saw palmetto is extracted when the fruit is most ripe.

Back 35

False
Between ripe and a little ripe.

Front 36

What type of solvent is used to extract the saw palmetto fruit?

Back 36

Hexane-lipid solvent.

Front 37

Sereno repens is a dwarf palm tree; what herbal is extracted from this plant.

Back 37

Saw palmetto.

Front 38

In saw palmetto, extracts are analyzed to __-__% fatty acid/sterol content.

Back 38

85-95

Front 39

What is the MOA of saw palmetto?

Back 39

5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Stops conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Front 40

What is the MOA of Finasteride?

Back 40

5-alpha reductase inhibitor.

Front 41

What is the MOA of Flomax, Cardura, and Hytrin?

Back 41

Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers. Relax smooth muscle.

Front 42

True or False
All drugs that treat BPH act by directly affecting the prostate gland.

Back 42

False.
Only 5-alpha reductase inhibitor directly affect the prostate gland.

Front 43

True or False
Patients taking anticoagulants should not take saw palmetto.

Back 43

True

Front 44

Does saw palmetto interfere with PSA levels?

Back 44

No

Front 45

PSA levels between __-__% is a primary indication of cancer.

Back 45

5-10%

Front 46

What are the 3 most common combinations of herbs used with saw palmetto?

Back 46

Pygeum Bark
Pumpkin See
Nettle Root

Front 47

What 2 metals are combined with saw palmetto?

Back 47

Zinc and selenium

Front 48

What is the indication of cranberry juice?

Back 48

Urinary tract problems.

Front 49

Who has more urinary tract infections, men or women?

Back 49

Women

Front 50

Can cranberry juice be considered an antibiotic?

Back 50

Yes

Front 51

What is the MOA of cranberry juice?

Back 51

The active ingredient is proanthocyanidines. These are complex dimers of more simple flavonoid compounds. They are believed to prevent bacteria from attaching to epithelial cells of the urinary tract.

Front 52

What is the primary option of treatment of urinary tract infections.

Back 52

Sulfa antibiotics

Front 53

Cranberry juice can be most helpful in which type of urinary tract infections?

Back 53

Recurrent- drug resistance UTIs

Front 54

What herbal has been extracted from hypericum perforatum?

Back 54

St. John's wort

Front 55

What is the indication of St. John's Wort?

Back 55

Treatment of mild-moderate depression.
Anxiety states

Front 56

What are the active components of St. John's Wort?

Back 56

Hypericin (dimeric anthracin 0.3%)
Flavonoids- hyperoside
Hyperforins

Front 57

What is the chemical marker of St. John's Wort?

Back 57

Hypericin

Front 58

What is is the MOA of St. John's Wort?

Back 58

It is an MOAI

Front 59

What is the main side effect of St. John's Wort?

Back 59

Phototoxicity

Front 60

What are some drug-interactions of St. John's Wort?

Back 60

MAOIs
Alcohol
Oral contraceptives
Digoxin
Anticoagulants
Anticancer drugs

Front 61

What herbal has been extracted from Panax genus?

Back 61

Ginseng

Front 62

Which herbal is collected in the woods of Corinth, MS?

Back 62

Ginseng

Front 63

What is the indication of Ginseng?

Back 63

Performance enhancer; stress reliever; aphrodisiac

Front 64

What is the active product of ginseng?

Back 64

Ginsenosides- but no clinical data supports this.

Front 65

Evidence is pointing towards _________ as the active medicinal component St. John's Wort as opposed to hypericin (0.3%).

Back 65

Hyperforins (5%)

Front 66

What herbal comes from the plant ephedra senica?

Back 66

Ephedra.

Front 67

What part of the ephedra plant is used in herbals?

Back 67

Whole plant (Above ground portion and roots)

Front 68

What is the indication of ephedra?

Back 68

Colds/flu
Nasal congestion
Wheezing
Asthma

Front 69

What were the major uses of ephedra in the United States?

Back 69

Weight loss (primary)
Performance enhancement in athletes

Front 70

What was ephedra combined with to cause some serious issues in 2000-2004?

Back 70

Caffeine. Began causing a number of deaths due to cardiac failure (arrhythmias).

Front 71

What is the major alkaloid in ephedra?

Back 71

Ephedrine.

Front 72

What is the MOA of ephedra?

Back 72

Pressor agent. Increases blood pressure and heart rate.

Front 73

Ephedra and caffeine have a _______ effect.

Back 73

Synergestic

Front 74

True or False
Pseudoephedrine is the an alkaloid of ephedra.

Back 74

True

Front 75

Pseudoephedrine has little cardiac activity but is used for __________ and ___________.

Back 75

Bronchodilation and nasal congestion

Front 76

What does ephedrine structurally resemble (Hint: reason it evolved for weight loss)?

Back 76

Amphetamines

Front 77

When will pseudoephedrine become a controlled substance in Mississippi?

Back 77

July 1, 2010

Front 78

Pseudoephedrin is a precursor to ______________.

Back 78

Methamphetamine.